Hazard Ratios (95% CI) of Associations Between a 1% -Increase in HbA_1c and Total Mortality, Stratified for Several Diabetes-Related Variables, and Cause-Specific Mortality in 4,345 Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; OHA, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents; HR, Hazard Ratio.</p>a<p>Age- and center-stratified and adjusted for sex, physical activity, smoking status, educational attainment, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and for diabetes medication use, co-morbidities or disease duration when these were not stratified for.</p>b<p><i>P</i> value 0.04 for difference in risk estimate derived from competing risk model versus cancer mortality.</p

Baseline Characteristics ^a of 4,516 Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition by Type of Medication Use.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent.</p>a<p>Means (SE) or percentages are shown;</p>b<p>Mean differences in HbA_1c values are given compared with metformin monotherapy.</p

Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Death according to Glycated Hemoglobin (%) Measured in Stored Erythrocytes among 4,345 Individuals with Diabetes.

<p>Solid lines indicate hazard ratios and dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals derived from restricted cubic spline regression, with knots placed at the 5^th, 10^th, 25^th, 75^th, 90^th, and 95^th percentiles of the distribution, using the 50^th percentile as a reference. Age- and study center-stratified models were adjusted for sex, storage time, disease duration, diabetes medication use, co-morbidities, physical activity, smoking status, educational attainment, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure. P value for nonlinearity derived from a Wald Chi-square test was P=0.15.</p

Hazard Ratios (95% CI) of Associations between HbA_1c, Diabetes Medication use, Disease Duration and Total Mortality in Individuals with Diabetes.

<p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, Hazard Ratio; OHA, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents; PY, person-years.</p>a<p>Model 1: Age- and center-stratified and adjusted for sex, co-morbidities, physical activity, smoking status, educational attainment, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure;</p>b<p>Model 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for disease duration, diabetes medication use, or HbA_1c and storage time when adequate.</p

General characteristics of the derivation and validation population.

<p>Data are means (SD) or percentages. Bl  =  Baseline.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0067429#pone-0067429-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>. Combined estimates of relative risk for the association of retained predictors with substantial weight gain*.</p

Flow diagram of participants excluded from the present study.

<p>¹No follow-up questionnaire (e.g. due to death before follow-up body weight assessment, not yet approached for follow-up body weight assessment, emigration or non-response to invitation). ²Pregnant at baseline or follow-up. ³10% missing items on FFQ. ⁴Ratio of energy intake (EI) to energy expenditure (EE) estimated from predicted resting energy expenditure. ⁵Missing data on baseline or follow-up weight, waist or height, missing follow-up time. ⁶Baseline height<130 cm, BMI<16 kg/m², 0160 cm, follow-up weight>700 kg. Combination of waist<60 cm and BMI>25 kg/m². ⁷Annual weight change>5 kg (either direction) or annual waist change>7 cm (either direction). ⁸ Baseline cancer, diabetes or cardiovascular disease.⁹ In contrast to the derivation of the model where it is important to obtain unbiased estimates of relative risk, we think only original data should be used in the validation sample and we therefore excluded individuals with missing values.</p

Calibration plot showing observed proportion of cases across tenths of predicted risk in the a) derivation sample and b) validation sample.

<p>Corresponding range of points for tenths in the derivation sample were <145, 145–<165, 165–<181, 181–<194, 194–<206, 206–<218, 218–<231, 231–<246, 246–<267, and ≥267. P for calibration  = 0.02. Corresponding range of points for tenths in the validation sample <162, 162–<185, 185–<200, 200–<212, 212–<223, 223–<234, 234–<246, 246–<259, 259–<280, and ≥280. P for calibration  = <001.</p

Hazard ratios^* and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to sitting height and overall height in men and women.

<p>Hazard ratios^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173117#t006fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to sitting height and overall height in men and women.</p

Hazard ratios^* and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause-specific mortality according to sitting height in men.

<p>Hazard ratios^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173117#t004fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause-specific mortality according to sitting height in men.</p

Baseline characteristics according to height.

<p>Baseline characteristics according to height.</p