A Study on an Assessment Framework for the Novelty of Ideas Generated by Analogical Thinking

AbstractAlthough there have been many educational programs focusing on the creation of new ideas, the assessment of novelty is still a controversial issue. As an ideation tool, analogical thinking enables conceptual change, which is seen as a crucial aspect of creativity. In this regard, the use of analogy can be an important instrument to facilitate novel idea generation. Analogies are generated by superficial or structural similarities from the memory. For creating a new idea by analogy, this study regards novelty as the domain-changing influenced by structural consistency with the source ideas. Consequently, we designed an assessment framework based on the latent semantic analysis of the domains and the consistency of the underlying mechanism between the source and the new ideas. Data was collected from the 14 subjects who participated in the workshop for this study. The workshop consists of three tasks: 1) Pre-task: All subjects were asked to read the 25 cases of the collective intelligence services, which is a business model creating value from large and loosely organized groups of people working together electronically e.g. Amazon.com, Google Japanese input; 2) Categorization task: Subjects were asked to categorize each case based on the underlying mechanism of the business through group discussion; 3) Generation task: Subjects were asked to create a new service idea individually using analogical thinking. As a result, 12 ideas were created, 6 of which were assessed as novel according to our assessment framework. Among the remaining 6 ideas, 4 were assessed as having high superficial similarity in terms of the idea domain, and 2 as having neither superficial nor structural similarity with the source ideas. Although our findings suggest that the proposed assessment framework for novelty evaluation is unable to provide a ‘one-size fits-all method’, it does enable us to overcome some of the limitations of current evaluation methods which depend on subjective judgements for rating

Social and emotional learning in a classroom: Language arts and literacy teachers’ perceptions and practices in South Korea and the United States

The purpose of this study is to understand how language arts and literacy teachers of South Korea and the United States of America (USA) perceive the importance of social and emotional learning (SEL), and in what ways these teachers support the development of students’ social and emotional skills. As a comparative inquiry, the study explores teacher perceptions and practices regarding an integrated approach of SEL and literacy instruction. Language arts and literacy teachers were recruited to participate in the survey. The findings show that the participants valued the use of SEL strategies and activities to support students’ social and emotional development. Specifically, the participants responded they incorporate academic and nonacademic strategies for students to practice social-emotional skills in a classroom. Although specific SEL strategies vary, teachers in both countries agree on the importance of SEL and appraise its positive impacts on students and the classroom environment. This study is meaningful to inform future research efforts that explore an integrated approach of SEL and literacy from a cross-cultural perspective

LOCOMOTOR DISTANCE AND VELOCITY IN WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL GAME

INTRODUCTION: The rule of basketball was vastly revised in 2000 classification and it is expected that basketball players’speed would be higher and locomotor distance would be longer than before. The revision of the rule applied to wheelchair basketball as well. There have been few studies about players’ speed and locomotor distance with an exception of Coutts’ study (1992) which was published before the rule revision. The objects of this study were to investigate the players’ locomotor distance and velocity in a wheelchair basketball game and to get the basic data of the players’physical fitness level necessary for high performance in wheelchair basketball

Influence of Design, Workmanship, and Familiarity on Consumer Perceptions of Country-of-Origin Apparel Brands: A Study of U.S., China, and Japan

The country-of-origin (COO) concept addresses the increasing complexity of the global market and widening geographical boundaries of brands (Roth & Romeo, 1992). Consumers use COO to evaluate brands and product attributes (Han, 1989) and COO image is influential in purchase decisions (e.g., Roth & Romeo, 1992). Consumers from various countries hold differing opinions of COO brands and products. This study examines how consumers from the three largest world economies (U.S., China, and Japan) perceive two apparel brand image dimensions (design and workmanship) in conjunction with brand familiarity for apparel brands originating from five countries (U.S., France, Italy, China, and Japan)

Archetype symbols and altered consciousness: a study of shamanic rituals in the context of Jungian psychology

The alteration of consciousness during shamanic rituals is both a physical and mystical phenomenon. It involves psychological and spiritual experiences. Through ritual practices, shamans can connect with archetype within the collective unconscious, utilizing trance-inducing techniques for “hallucinatory exploration”. This study surveyed 75 participants to investigate the impact of prototype symbols in Shamanistic rituals on participants’ consciousness states focusing on Jungian psychology’s concept of archetype. The results indicate that archetype symbols in shamanic rituals can significantly influence participants’ conscious state, leading them to experience a conscious dissolution of the self. Furthermore, archetype symbols have different effects at the stages of consciousness change. In particular, during the “Visionary Restructuralization” stage, archetype symbols, such as patterns, masks, totems and music, brought participants’ consciousness to a peak and caused significant changes to it. These findings suggest that the metaphoric function of archetype symbols plays a crucial role in rituals. Archetype symbols connect the individual to the collective unconscious through visual images and symbolic imagery. They prompt the participants to experience emotional resonances that transcend individual experiences and affect their state of consciousness

International Student in Japan

Since 1983, the Japanese government has worked to implement various reforms to make higher education in Japan more attractive to international students (Horie, 2002). Verbik and Lasanowski (2007) have identified Japan as an “evolving destination” (p. 14) in international mobility with a growing number of international students choosing to study in Japan

イノベーションワークショップにおけるアイディアの新規性を促進する要因の特定とワークショップデザインへの活用

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 堀井 秀之, 東京大学教授 中井 祐, 東京大学教授 加藤 浩徳, 東京大学講師 小松崎 俊作, 東京大学教授 堀 浩一University of Tokyo(東京大学

NRG1 functions downstream of EDS1 to regulate TIR-NLR-mediated plant immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants involves a large family of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors, including Toll/IL-1 receptor-NLRs (TNLs) and coiled-coil NLRs (CNLs). Although various NLR immune receptors are known, a mechanistic understanding of NLR function in ETI remains unclear. The TNL Recognition of XopQ 1 (Roq1) recognizes the effectors XopQ and HopQ1 from Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, respectively, which activates resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas gardneri in an Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)-dependent way in Nicotiana benthamiana In this study, we found that the N. benthamiana N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), a CNL protein required for the tobacco TNL protein N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, is also essential for immune signaling [including hypersensitive response (HR)] triggered by the TNLs Roq1 and Recognition of Peronospora parasitica 1 (RPP1), but not by the CNLs Bs2 and Rps2, suggesting that NRG1 may be a conserved key component in TNL signaling pathways. Besides EDS1, Roq1 and NRG1 are necessary for resistance to Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas in N. benthamiana NRG1 functions downstream of Roq1 and EDS1 and physically associates with EDS1 in mediating XopQ-Roq1-triggered immunity. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis showed that XopQ-triggered gene-expression profile changes in N. benthamiana were almost entirely mediated by Roq1 and EDS1 and were largely regulated by NRG1. Overall, our study demonstrates that NRG1 is a key component that acts downstream of EDS1 to mediate various TNL signaling pathways, including Roq1 and RPP1-mediated HR, resistance to Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, and XopQ-regulated transcriptional changes in N. benthamiana