Translator’s Creativity found in the Process of Japanese-Korean Translation

It has been commonly understood (in Korea) that Japanese and Korean’s linguistic similarities make Japanese-Korean translation easier than translations from other languages into Korean. However, this does not concur with the fact that Japanese-Korean translations are not better compared to other language combinations from the readers’ point of view. This might be due to the problem of translationese caused by language interference, but the present research zooms in on translator’s ‘creativity’ and observes the effects of translator’s creativity on translation quality. The method of research involves analyzing transcriptions gathered through Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) from thirteen professional translators for the purpose of evaluating the strategies used by the translators and examining the occurrence of shift. The research confirms that Japanese-Korean translator creativity is restricted, and such result demonstrates the need for scholars and educators in translation education to recognize and appreciate the concept of creativity and to devise new educational approaches for nurturing creativity.Les similitudes qui existent entre le coréen et le japonais tendent à faire croire que la traduction de cette combinaison linguistique est relativement aisée par rapport à d’autres combinaisons linguistiques. Toutefois, une étude sur l’évaluation par les lecteurs montre une faible appréciation des traductions, illustrant un véritable écart entre nos préjugés et la réalité. Les interférences linguistiques peuvent expliquer cette faible appréciation mais le présent article tient à vérifier l’influence du manque de créativité sur la qualité de la traduction. La méthodologie adoptée est l’analyse des traductions de 13 traducteurs professionnels à travers le TAP (Thinking Aloud Protocol). Cette étude permettra d’examiner les stratégies adoptées par les traducteurs et d’analyser les passages où s’effectuent des modifications. Le résultat démontre qu’il existe un véritable manque de créativité chez les traducteurs du coréen vers le japonais, ce qui met en lumière la nécessité d’une pédagogie permettant d’améliorer la créativité des traducteurs et la prise de conscience des enseignants en la matière.일한 번역은 일본어와 한국어의 유사성으로 인해 다른 언어배합보다 ’쉬운 번역‘이라는 통념이 있으나, 실제 번역결과물에 대한 독자의 평가는 그리 높지 않은 현실과의 괴리가 존재한다. 이는 언어간섭으로 인한 번역투 등의 문제점도 있지만, 본 연구에서는 특히 번역사의 ’창조성‘에 주목하여 번역사의 창조성 결여가 번역의 질에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보았다. 연구방법론으로서는 13명의 전문번역사에 대해 TAP 을 실시하여 얻어진 발화내용을 분석하여 번역사가 적용한 번역전략을 살펴보고, 또한 shift가 일어난 부분을 분석하였다. 그 결과 일한 번역사의 창조성 발휘가 억제되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 번역 교육에서 번역사의 창조성 개념에 대한 교육자 및 학습자들의 교육자들의 인식 및 창조성 제고를 위한 교육방법론의 고안이 요구된다

Starlike and Convex Properties for Hypergeometric Functions

The purpose of the present paper is to give some characterizations for a (Gaussian) hypergeometric function to be in various subclasses of starlike and convex functions. We also consider an integral operator related to the hypergeometric function

Fulminant myocarditis managed with pulsatile extracorporeal life support; use of Twin Pulse Life support (T-PLS®)

Fulminant myocarditis frequently results in severe hemodynamic deterioration. High-dose vasopressors or sometimes mechanical circulatory support are required. We report on two cases of fulminant myocarditis successfully treated with pulsatile extracorporeal life support (T-PLS®, Twin Pulse Life support, New heart bio.BHK, Seoul, Korea). With T-PLS, we were able to provide mechanical support to patients until they recovered completely

Control of mammalian G protein signaling by N-terminal acetylation and the N-end rule pathway

Rgs2, a regulator of G proteins, lowers blood pressure by decreasing signaling through Gαq. Human patients expressing Met-Leu-Rgs2 (ML-Rgs2) or Met-Arg-Rgs2 (MR-Rgs2) are hypertensive relative to people expressing wild-type Met-Gln-Rgs2 (MQ-Rgs2). We found that wild-type MQ-Rgs2 and its mutant, MR-Rgs2, were destroyed by the Ac/N-end rule pathway, which recognizes Nα-terminally acetylated (Nt-acetylated) proteins. The shortest-lived mutant, ML-Rgs2, was targeted by both the Ac/N-end rule and Arg/N-end rule pathways. The latter pathway recognizes unacetylated N-terminal residues. Thus, the Nt-acetylated Ac-MX-Rgs2 (X = Arg, Gln, Leu) proteins are specific substrates of the mammalian Ac/N-end rule pathway. Furthermore, the Ac/N-degron of Ac-MQ-Rgs2 was conditional, and Teb4, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-embedded ubiquitin ligase, was able to regulate G protein signaling by targeting Ac-MX-Rgs2 proteins for degradation through their N^α-terminal acetyl group

Mild Encephalopathy with Reversible Lesion in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum and Bilateral Frontal White Matter

A 59-year-old man visited an emergency room due to the sudden onset of severe dysarthria with a drowsy mental status. MRI demonstrated T2 prolongation and restricted diffusion involving the splenium of the corpus callosum and bilateral frontal white matter neurological signs and symptoms were mild, and the recovery was complete within a week. Follow-up MRI performed one month later revealed complete resolution of the lesions. The clinical and radiological courses were consistent with previously reported reversible isolated splenial lesions in mild encephalitis/encephalopathy except for the presence of frontal lesions. This case suggests that such reversible lesions can occur outside the splenium

Improved Surgical Technique for Heterotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice

Transplant arteriosclerosis is the main limitation for long-term survival of solid organ transplant recipients. Animal models would provide invaluable tools to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of transplant arteriosclerosis, as well as for studies with novel drugs and other reagents for the prevention of the disease. We have therefore developed a modified technique for aortic transplantation in mice. The central suture ligation of the recipient abdominal aorta allowed a simpler end-to-side anastomosis of a segment of the donor thoracic aorta into the infrarenal portion of the recipient abdominal aorta. Using this technique, the overall survival rate was 94%. We also observed typical aspects of chronic rejection of the aortic allografts not observed with isografts. Our new technique is relatively easy to perform and has a low incidence of thrombosis, thus being useful for studying various aspects of transplant arteriosclerosis