Time series (a) and scatter diagrams (b) for SGS and FFD at Chupungnyeong station for the period 1982–2008.

<p>Time series (a) and scatter diagrams (b) for SGS and FFD at Chupungnyeong station for the period 1982–2008.</p

Spatial distributions of linear trends of SGS (a), EGS (b), and LGS (c) for the period 1982–2008.

<p>A black dot in the figure indicates regions statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.</p

Scatter plots of the three phenology parameters against latitude (a–c) and altitude (d–f) over the analysis regions.

<p>Scatter plots of the three phenology parameters against latitude (a–c) and altitude (d–f) over the analysis regions.</p

Scatter plots of forest biomass carbon density against the three phenology parameters over all forests (a–c).

<p>Scatter plots of forest biomass carbon density against the three phenology parameters over all forests (a–c).</p

Spatial distributions of averaged SGS (a), EGS (b), and LGS (c) for the period 1982–2008.

<p>Spatial distributions of averaged SGS (a), EGS (b), and LGS (c) for the period 1982–2008.</p

Station information, mean SGS and FFD for the period 1982–2008, and correlation coefficients between SGS and FFD.

<p>Station information, mean SGS and FFD for the period 1982–2008, and correlation coefficients between SGS and FFD.</p

image_1_IL-17A+GM-CSF+ Neutrophils Are the Major Infiltrating Cells in Interstitial Lung Disease in an Autoimmune Arthritis Model.TIFF

Objective<p>To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), we sought to identify the characteristics of lung-infiltrating cells in SKG mice with ILD.</p>Methods<p>We injected curdlan in SKG mice at 8 weeks of age, and identified the presence of ILD by PET-MRI at 20 weeks post-injection and histological analysis at 22 weeks post-injection. Lung-infiltrating cells were examined by flow cytometry. Analysis of serum cytokines by the Luminex multiplex cytokine assay was performed at 14 and 22 weeks post-injection, and cytokine profiles before and after the development of ILD were compared. Opal multiplexed immunofluorescent staining of lung tissue was also performed.</p>Results<p>At 20 weeks post-injection, curdlan-treated SKG mice developed not only arthritis but also lung inflammation combined with fibrosis, which was identified by PET-MRI and histological analysis. The majority of inflammatory cells that accumulated in the lungs of curdlan-treated SKG mice were CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ neutrophils, which co-express IL-17A and GM-CSF, rather than TNF-α. Compared with 14 weeks post-injection, serum levels of GM-CSF, MCP1, IL-17A, IL-23, TSLP, and soluble IL-7Rα had increased at 22 weeks post-injection, whereas those of IFN-γ, IL-22, IL-6, and TNF-α remained unchanged. Furthermore, IL-23, CXCL5, IL-17A, and GM-CSF, but not TNF-α, were observed in immunofluorescent-stained lung tissue.</p>Conclusion<p>We found that IL-17A⁺GM-CSF⁺ neutrophils represented the major inflammatory cells in the lungs of curdlan-treated SKG mice. In addition, GM-CSF and IL-17A appear to play a more important role than TNF-α in ILD development.</p

gtReport.txt

We conducted extreme-phenotype GWAS comparing CHB patients who achieved functional cure before age of 60 years and those who maintained high serum levels of HBsAg even after age of 60 years

Additional file 1: of High level of interleukin-32 gamma in the joint of ankylosing spondylitis is associated with osteoblast differentiation

The protein levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-22 were determined in the culture supernatant from the cells of WT or IL-32γ TG mice (A) and the cells in the absence (None) or presence of IL-32γ (B) after 1 week of OB differentiation using commercial available ELISA kits. The bars show the means ± SD of triplicate experiments. (TIFF 443 kb

Genotype-tissue expression analysis of rs7944135.

<p><b>A.</b> A <i>cis</i>-expression quantitative trait locus analysis and multi-tissue posterior probability for rs7944135 and <i>DTX4</i> are shown using the GTEx portal database. The five tissues with the highest statistical significance in the <i>cis</i>-expression quantitative trait locus analysis (<i>P</i>-value < 10⁻⁵) are indicated. This means that the expression level of <i>DTX4</i> significantly differs according to the allele of rs7944135 in those five tissues. <b>B.</b> The graphs for expression level of <i>DTX4</i> according to the genotypes of rs7944135 in five tissues. With the alteration to A, minor allele, of rs7944135, that was associated with acquisition of HBsAg seroclearance, the expression of <i>DTX4</i> is decreased.</p