4,123 research outputs found
Signatures of unconventional pairing in near-vortex electronic structure of LiFeAs
A major question in Fe-based superconductors remains the structure of the
pairing, in particular whether it is of unconventional nature. The electronic
structure near vortices can serve as a platform for phase-sensitive
measurements to answer this question. By solving Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations
for LiFeAs, we calculate the energy-dependent local electronic structure near a
vortex for different nodeless gap-structure possibilities. At low energies, the
local density of states (LDOS) around a vortex is determined by the
normal-state electronic structure. However, at energies closer to the gap
value, the LDOS can distinguish an anisotropic from a conventional isotropic
s-wave gap. We show within our self-consistent calculation that in addition,
the local gap profile differs between a conventional and an unconventional
pairing. We explain this through admixing of a secondary order parameter within
Ginzburg-Landau theory. In-field scanning tunneling spectroscopy near vortices
can therefore be used as a real-space probe of the gap structure
Interspecific competition underlying mutualistic networks
The architecture of bipartite networks linking two classes of constituents is
affected by the interactions within each class. For the bipartite networks
representing the mutualistic relationship between pollinating animals and
plants, it has been known that their degree distributions are broad but often
deviate from power-law form, more significantly for plants than animals. Here
we consider a model for the evolution of the mutualistic networks and find that
their topology is strongly dependent on the asymmetry and non-linearity of the
preferential selection of mutualistic partners. Real-world mutualistic networks
analyzed in the framework of the model show that a new animal species
determines its partners not only by their attractiveness but also as a result
of the competition with pre-existing animals, which leads to the
stretched-exponential degree distributions of plant species.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted version in PR
A Bacterial Virulence Protein Promotes Pathogenicity by Inhibiting the Bacterium’s Own F1Fo ATP Synthase
SummarySeveral intracellular pathogens, including Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, require the virulence protein MgtC to survive within macrophages and to cause a lethal infection in mice. We now report that, unlike secreted virulence factors that target the host vacuolar ATPase to withstand phagosomal acidity, the MgtC protein acts on Salmonella’s own F1Fo ATP synthase. This complex couples proton translocation to ATP synthesis/hydrolysis and is required for virulence. We establish that MgtC interacts with the a subunit of the F1Fo ATP synthase, hindering ATP-driven proton translocation and NADH-driven ATP synthesis in inverted vesicles. An mgtC null mutant displays heightened ATP levels and an acidic cytoplasm, whereas mgtC overexpression decreases ATP levels. A single amino acid substitution in MgtC that prevents binding to the F1Fo ATP synthase abolishes control of ATP levels and attenuates pathogenicity. MgtC provides a singular example of a virulence protein that promotes pathogenicity by interfering with another virulence protein
Effects of flooding on the seed bank and soil properties in a conservation area on the Han River, South Korea
The Dendritic magnetic avalanches in carbon-free MgB thin films with and without a deposited Au layer
From the magneto optics images (MOI), the dendritic magnetic avalanche is
known to appear dominantly for thin films of the newly discovered MgB. To
clarify the origin of this phenomenon, we studied in detail the MOI of
carbon-free MgB thin films with and without a deposited gold layer. The MOI
indicated carbon contamination was not the main source of the avalanche. The
MOI clearly showed that the deposition of metallic gold deposition on top of a
MgB thin film improved its thermal stability and suppressed the sudden
appearance of the dendritic flux avalanche. This is consistent with the
previous observation of flux noise in the magnetization.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figeure
Korean Home Learning Environment and Parent Characteristics Influencing Children\u27s Expressive and Receptive Language Abilities
This study analyzed data derived from ‘The Panel Study on Korean Children’ implemented by the Korea Institute of Child Care & Education (KICCE). Two scales, EC-HOME and REVT were used to investigate specific types of home environments and parent characteristics beneficial in the facilitation of children’s receptive and expressive language development. The Step-wise Multiple Regression Analysis identified four variables (Responsively, Physical Environment, Father Education, and Mother Habitation) that made a significant contribution to children’s receptive language development, and six different variables (Mother Education, Academic Stimulation, and Physical Environment, Acceptance, Mother’s Current Job Status, and Communicative Stimulation) for expressive language development. This study found that home learning environment is a more significant factor for children\u27s receptive and expressive language development than parent demographic characteristics with the exception of the education level of parents, current job status of the mother, and habitation status of the mother
Intravenous Brivaracetam in the Management of Acute Seizures in the Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review
Background
Clinical considerations for drug treatment of acute seizures involve variables such as safety, tolerability, drug-drug interactions, dosage, route of administration, and alterations in pharmacokinetics because of critical illness. Therapy options that are easily and quickly administered without dilution, well tolerated, and effective are needed for the treatment of acute seizures. The objective of this review is to focus on the clinical considerations relating to the use of intravenous brivaracetam (IV BRV) for the treatment of acute seizures in the hospital, focusing on critically ill patients.
Methods
This was a scoping literature review of PubMed from inception to April 13, 2021, and search of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2021 Annual Meeting website for English language publications/conference abstracts reporting the results of IV BRV use in hospitalized patients, particularly in the critical care setting. Outcomes of interest relating to the clinical pharmacology, safety, tolerability, efficacy, and effectiveness of IV BRV were reviewed and are discussed.
Results
Twelve studies were included for analysis. One study showed that plasma concentrations of IV BRV 15 min after the first dose were similar between patients receiving IV BRV as bolus or infusion. IV BRV was generally well tolerated in patients with acute seizures in the hospital setting, with a low incidence of individual TEAEs classified as behavioral disorders. IV BRV demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness and had a rapid onset, with clinical and electrophysiological improvement in seizures observed within minutes. Although outside of the approved label, findings from several studies suggest that IV BRV reduces seizures and is generally well tolerated in patients with status epilepticus.
Conclusions
IV BRV shows effectiveness, and is generally well tolerated in the management of acute seizures in hospitalized patients where rapid administration is needed, representing a clinically relevant antiseizure medication for potential use in the critical care setting
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