Construction of Inchon International Airport

To face with the increasing the air transportation in Korea, the construction of Inchon International Airport is underway in the bay of Inchon on the reclaimed land. The construction project has begun since the end of 1992, and will be completed by the end of year 2000. This paper presents the general plan of project, site development, soil improvement work, transportation system, and construction budget and fund

Cyclic Load-Induced Settlement of Foundations on Clay

Laboratory model test results for estimating the permanent settlement of a surface strip foundation supported by a saturated clay are presented. The tests were conducted with one model foundation and one clay soil. The model foundation was subjected to an initial static load, and then a cyclic load was superimposed on it. The magnitude of the static load intensity and the amplitude of the intensity of cyclic load were varied. Based on the model test results, relationships for the permanent foundation settlement and intensities of the static and cyclic load are presented

More than conquerors : the conqueror (NIKΑΏ) motif in the Book of Revelation

This dissertation intends to reveal the theme of the conqueror, which is spread throughout the book of Revelation. I try to determine the identity and function of the conquerors who were faced with various problems in their present situations. Various present situations such as the political, economical, social, and religious phenomena that the first Christians confronted must be considered. Thus, the main aim of Revelation is to persuade compromising Christians to disengage from pagan idolatry and to sustain those who resist. One must remember the fact that the designated conquerors were absolutely embedded in their historical and sociological situation. We should recognize why John wanted to send his prophetic message through various symbolic references and universes, providing a different heavenly perspective in contrast with an earthly point of view. In general, the conquest can be linked with both a military and political meaning, such as Messiah and the son of David in Jewish literature and the Old Testament. But the conqueror figure in Revelation can be understood from a different angle. The characteristic of the conqueror is explained through the symbolic transformation of redemptive death and victory. It means that the idea of conquering has been changed. Conquering doesn’t depend on a military or political power that is the interpretation of the traditional messianic expectation, but self-sacrifice of the Lamb on the cross. The characteristic of the Lamb as conqueror is closely linked with the image of an atoning, sacrificial victim. The theme of suffering and death in Revelation is linked with the victory of the conquerors. That is, the conquerors can be defined as those who endure suffering, slander, poverty and tribulation unto death as Jesus has done. From a worldly perspective, Satan looks like the almighty figure as the conqueror that persecuted the people of God, but in terms of the heavenly perspective, he is defeated and conquered by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of God in 12:11. Therefore, conquering is provided from the heavenly perspective to encourage the conquerors as seeing the present reality. Just as the Lamb has conquered the evil ones by his blood, the conquerors should conquer the evil ones by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony. Thus, the victory of the conquerors can be attained by means of witness and death. The idea that the conquerors are the victims might provide the people of God with a powerful symbolic transformation as a marginalized group in a hostile world. The conquerors are provided with a heavenly perspective, implying an eschatological fulfillment and God’s presence in the New Jerusalem. The image of the New Jerusalem provides a rhetorical effect that the people of God as conquerors will experience salvation in the future. Whereas the city of Babylon was drunk with the blood of the conquerors, the New Jerusalem coming down from heaven will dwell with God as the completion of the fulfillment God promised (cf. 21:1-22:5).Thesis (PhD (New Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007.New Testament StudiesPhDunrestricte

Omnidirectional color filters capitalizing on a nano-resonator of Ag-TiO2-Ag integrated with a phase compensating dielectric overlay

We present a highly efficient omnidirectional color filter that takes advantage of an Ag-TiO2-Ag nano-resonator integrated with a phase-compensating TiO2 overlay. The dielectric overlay substantially improves the angular sensitivity by appropriately compensating for the phase pertaining to the structure and suppresses unwanted optical reflection so as to elevate the transmission efficiency. The filter is thoroughly designed, and it is analyzed in terms of its reflection, optical admittance, and phase shift, thereby highlighting the origin of the omnidirectional resonance leading to angle-invariant characteristics. The polarization dependence of the filter is explored, specifically with respect to the incident angle, by performing experiments as well as by providing the relevant theoretical explanation. We could succeed in demonstrating the omnidirectional resonance for the incident angles ranging to up to 70°, over which the center wavelength is shifted by below 3.5% and the peak transmission efficiency is slightly degraded from 69%. The proposed filters incorporate a simple multi-layered structure and are expected to be utilized as tri-color pixels for applications that include image sensors and display devices. These devices are expected to allow good scalability, not requiring complex lithographic processes.This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2013-008672 and 2013-067321), and also by a research grant from Kwangwoon University in 2014. The work was partly supported by the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100853, Dr. Duk-Yong Choi) and was performed in part at the ACT node of the Australian National Fabrication Facilit

Erosion problems of shore line and counter measurement by various geomaterials

Coastal regions are vulnerable to erosion and depletion of land areas for human habitation and economic activities. A description of various types of the hydraulic structures associated in erosion protection applications are provided. Recently, because of the shortage of natural rock, traditional forms of river and coastal structures have become very expensive to build and maintain. Therefore, the materials used in hydraulic and coastal structures are changing from the traditional rubble and concrete systems to the cheaper materials and systems. Erosion problems in coastal zones are become increasingly serious due to the development of artificial activities related to the expansion of city functions, industrial complexes and harbour facilities, as well as the removal of sea sand for use in aggregate resources at the construction sites, which is a major factor in the inflow and outflow of sea sand. In addition, the environmental and economical importance of the coastal beach zones is increased. However, coastal beach zones are constantly eroded by waves accompanied with the rising water level due to storm surges, hurricanes, winter storm impact, and high tide. This erosion motion accelerates the regression of the coastal cliff due to the regression of the dunes or the shoreline. In addition, the regression leads to loss of real estate in the hinterland and ruins the shock-absorbing zone between land and sea. The application benefits for erosion protection are discussed. Several case studies are included

A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO SYPHILIS INFECTION IN KOREA

From the end of the 15th century, syphilis spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Venereal syphilis has been a major research topic, not only in clinical medicine but also in paleopathology, especially because it is a disease of questionable origin and of high prevalence until the discovery of antibiotics. Syphilis in history has been studied extensively in Europe and the Americas, though less so in Asia. In this review, based on extant historical documents and available paleopathological data, we pinpoint the introduction and trace the spread of venereal syphilis in Korea to the end of the 19th century. This review provides fundamental information that will be of great help to future research on pre-20th century syphilis in Korea

EFFECTS OF 10 WEEKS TRAINING PROGRAM ON LOWER EXTREMITY STRENGTH AND VERTICAL REACTION FORCE DURING SIT-TO-STAND IN CHRONIC STROKE PATIENTS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks training program on lower extremity strength and' vertical reaction force during sit-to-stand movement in chronic stroke patients. Maximum vertical ground reaction force, difference of vertical ground reaction force between left and right foot, COP in anteriorposterior and mediolateral direction did not show any significant time main effect. However, the difference of body weight distribution between the left and right foot was decreased in experimental group after training. The peak torque generated by the flexors of the paretic limb at 60o /sec and 180o/sec in experimental group changed from baseline, an increases of 30.23% and 24.09%, respectively. These results appear that 10 weeks training program improves sit-to-stand movement and lower extremity strength in chronic stroke patients

The Results of Cervical Nucleoplasty in Patients with Cervical Disc Disorder: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 22 Patients

Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive spinal surgery using a Coblation Ⓡ technique that creates small voids within the disc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cervical nucleoplasty in patients with cervical disc disorder. Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2009, 22 patients with cervical disc disorders were treated with cervical nucleoplasty after failed conservative treatment. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia, and fluoroscopic guidance and voids were created in the disc with the Perc TM DC Spine Wand TM. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Modified Macnab criteria and VAS score at preprocedure, postprocedure 1 month, and 6 months. Results: Six patients had one, eight patients had two and eight patients had three discs treated; a total of 46 procedures was performed. Mean VAS reduced from 9.3 at preprocedure to 3.7 at postprocedure 1 month and to 3.4 at postprocedure 6 months. There was no significant complication related to the procedure within the first month. Outcomes were good or excellent in 17/22 (77.3%) cases. Postprocedure magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in two patients after two months showing morphologic evidence of volume reduction of protruded disc material in one patient but not in the other. Conclusions: Percutaneous decompression with a nucleoplasty using a Coblation Ⓡ technique in the treatment of cervical disc disorder is a safe, minimally-invasive and less uncomfortable procedure, with an excellent short-term clinical outcome. (Korean J Pain 2011; 24: 36-43