GAD65 antibody titres measured by ELISA in serum samples from patients with (n = 93) or without (n = 13) additional GAD67 antibodies.

<p>GAD65 antibody levels were higher in the group of patients with concurrent GAD67 antibodies. *p≤0.05.</p

Reactivity of serum and CSF samples with HEK293 cells expressing GAD67.

<p>Fixed HEK293 cells transfected to express GAD67 were incubated with serum and CSF of patient A and B (in green) and a commercial antibody against GAD67 (in red). The nuclei of the cells are stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The merged reactivity is shown in panels C, F, I, and L. The CSF, but not the serum, of patient A immunoreacted against GAD67, whereas the serum and CSF of patient B were both positive. Scale bar = 20μm.</p

GAD65 antibody levels measured by ELISA in serum (A) and CSF (B) samples classified by neurological syndrome.

<p>CSF, but not serum, GAD65 antibody titres were significantly higher in the groups of ataxia and limbic encephalitis compared to those of stiff-person syndrome (median: 2.1 x10³ U/ml (interquartile range (IQR):1.4–8.5) in SPS vs. 10.4 x10³ U/ml (4.1–21.9) in CA; **<i>p</i> = 0.01 and 12 x10³ U/ml (8.5–31.9) in LE; *<i>p</i> = 0.02). SPS: stiff person syndrome; CA: cerebellar ataxia; LE: limbic encephalitis; EP: epilepsy.</p