PERMANOVA results for the number of species.

<p>132 fish species were identified in response to samples with different bait, status, site (nested within status) and their interactions. Habitat co-variates (PC1, PC2) were included to observe the significance of the effect of habitat on the number of species. Significant values are shown in bold text.</p

Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia.

<p>The location of each island group and closed areas (Targeted Fishery Closure Areas) are shown, including 8 site locations (Stereo-BRUVs) in which 4 replicates of each bait type were deployed.</p

Relative abundance of each of five target species for each of the different types of bait and status.

<p>Average relative abundance (y axis; average number of individuals ±1 SE) for different types of bait (x-axis) and status (□  =  Fished, ▪  =  TFC) is shown for (A) <i>Choerodon rubescens</i>, (B) <i>Lethrinus nebulosus</i>, (C) <i>Lethrinus miniatus</i>, (D) <i>Pagrus auratus</i> and (E) <i>Plectropomus leopardus</i>. Significant differences are shown with (*) where P<0.05 and (**) where P<0.01.</p

Mean biomass (± SE) of fished species (top row) and primary consumers (bottom row) at each depth.

<p>Comparisons are between fished and MPA sites at each Guam location (Guam West and Guam North) and between Guam and CNMI jurisdictions at each level of exposure (sheltered and exposed).</p

PERMANOVA results for relative abundance.

<p>Relative abundance was recorded in response to samples with different bait, status, site (nested within status) and their interactions. Habitat co-variates (PC1, PC2) were included to observe the significance of the effect of habitat on relative abundance. Significant values are shown in bold text.</p

Leave-one-out allocation of observations to groups for overall assemblage composition.

<p>Leave-one-out allocation of observations to groups for overall assemblage composition.</p

CAP ordination for the complete fish assemblage data set (bait × status interaction).

<p>(A) fishery status (y-axis) and bait (x-axis). Each point represents an individual sample taken with different bait types; cat food (circles), falafel mix (squares), pilchards (triangles) and no bait (diamonds), which were either inside (closed symbols) or outside (open symbols) the TFC. The species <i>Chromis westaustralis</i> were excluded and the number of axes (m)  = 7. (B) Species contribution to the trends in (A) is shown with directional vectors.</p

Canonical analysis of principal components (CAP) ordinations.

<p>Differences in assemblage structure of fished species biomass between MPA status and depth at each Guam location (A, B) and between jurisdiction and depth at each level of exposure (C, D). Species correlations with the canonical axis are indicated by the length and direction of vectors.</p

Species richness (y-axis; average number of species ±1 SE) for different types of bait (x-axis).

<p>Total number of species (N) is shown for each bait type.</p

Persistence of different bait types as a percentage of deployments where bait was completely depleted (y-axis), over different time increments during stereo-BRUVs deployment (x-axis).

<p>Bait types are represented by grey (cat food), white (falafel mix) and black (pilchards).</p