Adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted standard-dose influenza vaccines in preventing all-cause hospitalizations in the elderly: a cohort study with nested case-control analyses over 18 influenza seasons

The higher effectiveness of adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV) versus non-adjuvanted (na) formulations in preventing all-cause hospitalization has been demonstrated for a single influenza season and in institutionalized elderly only. This study evaluated the relative vaccine effectiveness for aTIV vs. non-adjuvanted trivalent (naTIV) and/or quadrivalent (naQIV) influenza vaccines in preventing all-cause hospitalizations across 18 influenza seasons in primary care. Using Health Search Database, a nested case-control analysis was conducted in a cohort of older adults being vaccinated with aTIV or naTIV/naQIV. Conditional logistic regression was adopted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of all-cause hospitalizations occurred during the epidemic period. Of 58,252 patients vaccinated with aTIV and naTIV/naQIV for the first time, 2,504 cases of all-cause hospitalization (3.46 per 1,000 person-weeks) during the 18 influenza seasons were identified. Compared with naTIV/naQIV, aTIV was associated with a 12% reduced the odds of all-cause hospitalizations (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80–0.97). In an 18-season cohort of older adults, aTIV reduced the risk of all-cause hospitalizations when compared with naTIV/naQIV. Our findings confirm additional benefits for adjuvanted influenza vaccines in older adults.</p

Time lapses between distribution of influenza vaccines to health authorities and their administration by General Practitioners (GPs) to older adults: a retrospective study over five influenza seasons in Italy

Delays in influenza vaccine delivery and administration can hinder vaccine coverage and protection. This study examines the differentials in distributing and administering adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) and quadrivalent influenza vaccines (aQIV) to older adults in Italy’s primary care setting and its potential impact on hospitalization risk over 5 epidemic seasons. Using a primary care database, individuals aged ≥ 65 years were selected. The proportion of vaccine distribution to regional authorities and subsequent administration by GPs was estimated using census data. Using quantile (median) regression, we examined the relationship between velocities of vaccine distribution and administration (doses/week) and the incidence of hospitalizations. Over the 5 influenza seasons, the velocity of distribution and administration of aTIV/aQIV ranged 341–833 and 152–270 median doses/week; no trend was yielded for the difference between these velocities (p = 0.189) or vaccine coverage (p = 0.142). An association was observed for each differential dose/week between distributed and administered vaccines and all-cause hospitalizations with a 10% increase in 2017–2018, 54% in 2018–2019, and 12% in 2020–2021 season. These findings highlight the importance of minimizing the time lapse between vaccine distribution and administration to mitigate the impact of influenza and address factors that contribute to vaccination barriers.</p

Additional file 1: of Characterization of serious adverse drug reactions as cause of emergency department visit in children: a 5-years active pharmacovigilance study

Table S1. Most frequent suspect APs among antinfective for systemic use agents (ATC class J) and nervous system medications (ATC class N), overall and stratified according to ADR seriousness. This table reported the most frequent suspected active principles (APs) among antinfectives for systemic use agents and nervous system medications. (DOCX 48 kb

Additional file 2: of Characterization of serious adverse drug reactions as cause of emergency department visit in children: a 5-years active pharmacovigilance study

Table S2. Most frequent suspect vaccines, overall and stratified according to seriousness. This table reported the most frequent suspected vaccines. (DOCX 14 kb