Phylogenetic relationships between human and closely related simian polyomaviruses based on VP1 protein.

<p>Human polyomaviruses are in black and simian polyomaviruses are in gray. Sequence accession numbers used are NC_001538 for BKPyV, NC_001699 for JCPyV, NC_009238 for KIPyV, NC_009539 for WuPyV, NC_010277 for MCPyV, NC_014406 for HPyV6, NC_014407 for HPyV7, NC_014361 for TSPyV, HQ696595 for HPyV9, NC_018102 for MWPyV, JX463183 for STLPyV, JX308829 for HPyV12, NC_001669 for SV40, NC_004763 for LPyV, AY691168 for ChPyV, HQ385747 for PtvPyV1b, HQ385750 for PtvPyV2c, FN356900 for OraPyV1 and FN356901 for OraPyV2.</p

Human seroreactivity distribution Venn diagrams.

<p>(A) Negative (−), simple, and multiple seropositive (+) sera for 828 sera investigated for MCPyV, PtvPyV1 and PtvPyV2. (B) Negative (−), simple and double seropositive (+) sample for the 300 sera investigated for TSPyV and OraPyV.</p

Correlation between MCPyV and PtvPyV reactivity and between TSPyV and OraPyV1 reactivity.

<p>Correlation between ELISA reactivity of human serum samples against the different VLPs. Each point represents one serum sample. Correlation coefficients (Spearman) were determined using XLStat software.</p

Electron micrographs of VP1 virus-like particles for MCPyV, PtvPyV1b, PtvPyV2c, TSPyV and OraPyV1.

<p>VP1 were produced using recombinant baculoviruses. The preparations were applied to carbon-coated grids, negatively stained with 1.5% uranyl acetate and observed at 50,000 nominal magnification with a JEOL 1011 electron microscope (Scale bars, 100 nm).</p

Competitive inhibition of seroreactivity between MCPyV, PtvPyV1 and PtvPyV2.

<p>ELISA Reactivity against MCPyV, PtvPyV1 and PtvPyV2 was determined for five human (A) and five chimpanzee (B) sera after preincubation with or without MCPyV, PtvPyV1 or PtvPyV VLPs. Percentage of inhibition after preincubation is indicated above bars.</p

Detection of antibodies to MCPyV, PtvPyV1, PtvPyV2, TSPyV and OraPyV1 polyomaviruses in 16 great apes.

<p>Detection of antibodies to MCPyV, PtvPyV1, PtvPyV2, TSPyV and OraPyV1 polyomaviruses in 16 great apes.</p