Understanding the Epigenetic Modifications in Sperm Genome

Sperm genome condensation is mainly important as the genome expression should be repressed until it is fertilised with oocyte. In most of the mammals, protamines play an important role in genome condensation. In humans, histone variants were present in germ cells when compared with somatic cells. How successful replacement of histones by protamines occurs in most of the mammals is an interesting question. Little information is known about transition proteins that replace histones with protamines. Apart from condensation, which mechanisms prevent expression of X and Y chromosomes in sperm is to be studied. If exposed to genotoxic agents like Metosartan that damage testes should also be considered, in order for assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilisation to succeed

A Generalized Sign Pattern Matrix

This article is a number of fundamental results are given and various constructions are presented. The signpatterns of symmetric idempotent matrices through order 5 are determined. Sign patterns of idempotent matrices,especially symmetric idempotent matrices are investigate

BIOPROCESS MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION OF THERAPEUTIC ENZYME L-ASPARAGINASE ACTIVITY IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION USING MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND ANN

Objective: L-asparaginase is an enzyme of industrial as well as therapeutic importance. The capabilities of bioprocess modeling of L-Asparaginase activity produced from Aspergillus niger by solid state fermentation (SSF) were explored here. Methods: Regression modeling (RM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were applied on input process parameter, which includes solid substrate, temperature, moisture percentage, particle size, cooking time to optimize L-Asparaginase enzyme activity in SSF.Results: The L-asparaginase activity were obtained 38.918 (U/gds) and 38.714 (U/gds) with the optimum input parameters ( = Glycine max, =30 (°C), =6.5, =70 (%), =1180(µ), =30 min) by ANN, and ( = 3, =30 (°C), =6.5, =70 (%), =1305(µ), =30 min) by RM respectively. The goodness of fit of the model was determined in terms of R2. The value of R2 obtained by ANN after training and validation and over all data was 0.996, 0.989 and 0.981, whereas the value of R2 obtained with linear, quadratic and full regression models was 0.501, 0.910 and 0.914 respectively.Conclusion: This hybrid ANN/RM effectively identifies the significant process parameters and optimum production of L-asparaginase in the given larger set of conditions and able to reduce the number of experiments. Optimization by these modeling methods predicts the good activity of the enzyme and indicating its suitability and applicability for bioprocess modeling.Keywords: L-asparaginase, Solid state fermentation, Regression modeling, Artificial neural network, Activit

TRIPLE OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC POTENCY OF HUMAN CARCINOMA CELL LINES OF A MARINE MACROALGAE USING NON-SORTING GENETIC ALGORITHM–A THEORETICAL STUDY

Objective: The main purpose of our work was to arrive at an acceptable model for optimizing the cytotoxic potency of Ulva fasciata Delile extract on human carcinoma cell lines of which can provide believable indications as compared to experimental results.Methods: The experimental result for cytotoxic potency of a methanolic extract of the Ulva fasciata Delile (MEUF) with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human hepatocyte carcinoma (Hep-G2), and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines was used to carry out a multi-objective (triple objective) optimization. Thirty non-dominating solutions were considered for analyses of absorbance (y1), % cell survival (y2) and% cell inhibition (y3) data.Results: The model developed using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) was compared with data obtained experimentally and the results were found to be significant. This method has distinct advantages over other methods which relied heavily on statistical-regression-models, in the sense that it does triple-objective optimization. The resulted in obtaining solutions which were not only significant or believable, but it also corroborated well with experimental results. Thus the solutions obtained during optimization provided the necessary data for generating a successful model.Conclusion: The solutions obtained by NSGA method helped to build an acceptable model for optimizing the cytotoxic potency of Ulva fasciata Delile on human carcinoma cell lines

KEMAMPUAN DALAM BELAJAR MENABUH GENDANG UNTUK MENGIRINGI GAMELAN DEGUNG PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN KELAS X DI SLB NEGERI CILEUNYI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Pelajaran Kesenian perlu diberikan kepada anak tunagrahita ringan sesuai dengan kemampuannya sehingga dapat mengembangkan bakat seni yang ada pada dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kemampuan anak, kesulitan anak, suasana saat belajar, dan pelaksanaan dalam belajar menabuh gendang untuk mengiringi gamelan degung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak tunagrahita ringan kelas X mampu mengikuti pembelajaran menabuh gendang untuk mengiringi gamelan degung dengan bantuan guru mulai dari mengenal alat, bagian-bagian di dalam gendang, tepakan-tepakan di dalam gendang, dan melakukan tabuhan gendang. Kesulitan yang dihadapi anak dalam menabuh gendang terdapat pada aspek melakukan/mempraktekan seperti memainkan keplak, kentrung, gedug dan mengganjal gedug oleh tumit secara bersamaan. Suasana pembelajaran dapat dikatakan interaktif karena responden bergairah dan senang mengikuti pembelajaran menabuh gendang. Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran, responden melaksanakan kegiatan awal, inti, dan akhir. Mengacu pada kesimpulan penelitian maka peneliti merekomendasikan pada guru untuk melakukan latihan bermain gendang secara berulang