Antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral evaluations of Spondias mombincrude fruit juice

Edible fruits have potential health benefits regarding their richness in minerals, nutrients, vitamins and antioxidant. In view of the medicinal potential of the leaves and stem bark extracts of Spondias mombin, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral contents of the crude fruit juice of S. mombinfor its employment in health promotion and traditional use for medicine. Free radical scavenging power of 93.97 ± 64.8 µmol (TE) and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) of 11.8 ± 0.2 µmol (AAE) were observed in vitrofrom the crude fruit juice. The physicochemical property of the crude fruit juice yielded proximate compositions of protein (6.03 ± 0.44), fat (1.85 ± 0.03), pH (3.63 ± 0.11), fibre (0.64 ± 0.02), moisture (80.60 ± 0.22%), ash (0.54 ± 0.03), carbohydrate (11.61 ± 0.34) and titratable acidity (28.52 ± 0.14). Trace elements from the crude fruit juice are in the amounts of 276.27 ± 2.65 for potassium, 1.15±0.01 (manganese), 0.121 ± 0.32 (copper), 4.45 ± 1.42 (sodium), 136.42 ± 1.35 (zinc), 12.36 ± 0.03 (magnesium), 0.01 ± 0.00 (lead), 28.22 ± 1.02 (phosphorus), 13.04 ± 0.53 (calcium) and 0.48 ± 0.01 (iron)

Antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral evaluations of Spondias mombin crude fruit juice

Edible fruits have potential health benefits regarding their richness in minerals, nutrients, vitamins and antioxidant. In view of the medicinal potential of the leaves and stem bark extracts of Spondias mombin, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral contents of the crude fruit juice of S. mombin for its employment in health promotion and traditional use for medicine. Free radical scavenging power of 93.97 ± 64.8 μmol (TE) and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) of 11.8 ± 0.2 μmol (AAE) were observed in vitro from the crude fruit juice. The physicochemical property of the crude fruit juice yielded proximate compositions of protein (6.03 ± 0.44), fat (1.85 ± 0.03), pH (3.63 ± 0.11), fibre (0.64 ± 0.02), moisture (80.60 ± 0.22%), ash (0.54 ± 0.03), carbohydrate (11.61 ± 0.34) and titratable acidity (28.52 ± 0.14). Trace elements from the crude fruit juice are in the amounts of 276.27 ± 2.65 for potassium, 1.15±0.01 (manganese), 0.121 ± 0.32 (copper), 4.45 ± 1.42 (sodium), 136.42 ± 1.35 (zinc), 12.36 ± 0.03 (magnesium), 0.01 ± 0.00 (lead), 28.22 ± 1.02 (phosphorus), 13.04 ± 0.53 (calcium) and 0.48 ± 0.01 (iron)

Analysis of parenting styles and sexual attitudes of youths from two ethnic groups in Nigeria and Cameroon

This study examined and analysed the parenting styles and attitudes toward sexuality related behaviours of some secondary school students from Yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria and Nso ethnic group in Cameroon. A cross-sectional design was used and five hypotheses were tested. Participants consisted of five hundred and eleven (511) secondary school students out of which three hundred and fifty-five (355) were from Nigeria and one hundred and fifty-six (156) were from Cameroon. Two hundred and twenty-one (221) of them are males and two hundred and ninety (290) are females and their ages ranged between 13years and 27years. Yoruba participants (355) comprised of one hundred and eighty-two (182) males and one hundred and seventy-three (173) females. They were selected from some secondary schools in Lagos and Ibadan cities located in the Western part of Nigeria. Nso participants (156) consisted of thirty-nine (39) males and one hundred and seventeen (117) females and were selected from some secondary schools (also called colleges) in Bamenda the provincial capital in the North -West Province of Cameroon. Data were collected using measures of parenting style and sexual attitude in a questionnaire format. Hypotheses were tested using chi-square (x2), t-test, correlation and regression analysis statistics. Results obtained indicated that: (i) Yoruba participants reported their parents’parenting styles as authoritative and authoritarian/authoritative hybrid while Nso participants reported that their parents adopt permissive and permissive/authoritarian hybrid as parenting styles. (ii) Attitudes of Yoruba participants toward sexuality related behaviour were more permissive and liberal while attitudes of Nso participants toward sexuality related behaviours were more condemning and less permissive. (iii) Attitudes of male participants were more permissive and liberal than attitudes of female participants. (iv) Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles correlated positively with condemning sexual attitude and negatively with authoritative parenting style, permissive and liberal sexual attitudes. (v)Permissive and liberal attitudes were predicted by ethnic group while condemning attitude was predicted by ethnic group and parenting style. It was concluded that parents of each ethnic group emphasized different aspects of Baumurind’s parenting styles and their hybrids. The two ethnic groups also differ in their attitudes toward sexuality related behaviours.Keywords: Parenting-style, sexual-attitudes, Ethnic groups Nigeria, Cameroon

Cultural differences in positive psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-42 (CAPE-42):a comparison of student populations in the Netherlands, Nigeria and Norway

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that culture impacts the experience of psychosis. The current study set out to extend these findings by examining cultural variation in subclinical positive psychotic experiences in students from The Netherlands, Nigeria, and Norway. Positive psychotic experiences were hypothesized to (i) be more frequently endorsed by, and (ii) cause less distress in Nigerian vs. Dutch and Norwegian students. METHODS: Psychology students, aged 18 to 30 years, from universities in the Netherlands (n = 245), Nigeria (n = 478), and Norway (n = 162) were assessed cross-sectionally with regard to the frequency of subclinical positive psychotic experiences and related distress, using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-42). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance were performed to assess measurement invariance of the positive symptom dimension (CAPE-Pos) and compare mean frequency and associated distress of positive psychotic experiences across study samples. RESULTS: Only CAPE-Pos items pertaining to the dimensions 'strange experiences' and 'paranoia' met assumptions for (partial) measurement invariance. Frequencies of these experiences were higher in the Nigerian sample, compared to both the Dutch and Norwegian samples, which were similar. In addition, levels of experience-related distress were similar or higher in the Nigerian sample compared to respectively the Dutch and Norwegian samples. CONCLUSION: Although positive psychotic experiences may be more commonly endorsed in non-Western societies, our findings do not support the notion that they represent a more benign, and hence less distressing aspect of human experience. Rather, the experience of psychotic phenomena may be just as, if not more, distressing in African than in European culture. However, observed differences in CAPE-Pos frequency and distress between samples from different cultural settings may partly reflect differences in the measure rather than in the latent trait. Future studies may therefore consider further cross-cultural adaptation of CAPE-42, in addition to explicitly examining cultural acceptance of psychotic phenomena, and environmental and other known risk factors for psychosis, when comparing and interpreting subclinical psychotic phenomena across cultural groups