7 research outputs found

    Comunicación efectiva en salud: evaluación de una experiencia docente en estudiantes de medicina de Cuenca, Ecuador

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    Introduction: Communication within the medical field is essential to obtain good results from the consultation. This skill must be learned throughout the career and not assumed to be innate. After a systematic review of teaching methodology in Ecuador and the little development it has had within medical schools, we carried out an observational study evaluating communication skills of medical students. Methodology: One hundred final-year students working at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital were included. Direct observation interviews were assessed using a checklist tool supported by the Calgary-Cambridge Guide. Data were analyzed looking for statistical significance. Results: There was no statistical significance between groups. Mean score was 13.96 out of 23 skills evaluated. Two groups were randomized: students who had training in medical communication (19) and those who had none (81). Students with communication training developed empathic interviews, effective listening, respect for patient expectations and were capable to summarize findings for effective communication outcomes. Conclusion: There are some differences between both groups comparable with international studies. Ecuadorian Medical Schools are encouraged to establish a formal curriculum in learning and training communication skills. The objective is to humanize communication and to promote better relationship between doctor and patient

    Un enfoque bioeticista y de derechos frente a la pandemia

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    La Bioética laica es en principio, una ética aplicada que permite afrontar los problemas generados por la tensión existente entre la ciencia y el ser humano. La actual pandemia causada por un agente infeccioso no conocido ha puesto de relieve la necesidad de la aplicación de esta ética aplicada, no ubicada en los laureles de lo etéreo o puramente intelectual sino más bien asentada en la realidad del día a día. La toma de decisiones desde todos los ámbitos del quehacer sanitario requiere este marco referencial fundamental; aplicación de correctos preceptos en las decisiones epidemiológicas, sanitarias y medidas políticas no puede ni debe hacerse sin este marco referencial; otrora el resultado será catastrófic

    Cerebelo: no sólo función motora. A propósito de un caso

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    El cerebelo constituye una estructura nerviosa con múltiples conexiones bidireccionales con la corteza prefrontal. Esta relación nos permite comprender su importancia en los procesos neurocognitivos. La evaluación multidisciplinar de las condiciones neurológicas nos permite profundizar en su impacto en el ámbito emocional y cognitivo. El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo analizar las características neurológicas y neuropsicológicas de un paciente de 64 años con degeneración cerebelosa (atrofia cerebelosa novo progresiva), que tiene 15 años de evolución pero evaluado por el área de neuropsicología los últimos cuatro años. Después de la evaluación clínica realizada en dos etapas, y después de verificar las pruebas neurocognitivas estandarizadas, se observan datos cualitativos significativos. Se evidencia un declive progresivo de la esfera neurocognitiva del paciente, principalmente en procesos ejecutivos, como bradipsiquia, déficit de atención, rigidez cognitiva, déficit de previsión y evocación categórica. Los resultados sugieren un deterioro evidenciado probablemente relacionado con el trastorno cerebeloso subyacente, y evidencia de circuitos corteza-cerebeloso, tal disfunción influirá en los procesos neurocognitivos de tipo ejecutivo.The cerebellum constitutes a nervous structure with multiple bidirectional connections with the prefrontal cortex. This relationship allows us to understand its importance on neurocognitive processes. Multidisciplinary evaluation of neurological conditions allows us to study in depth its impact on the emotional and cognitive sphere. Present case study aims to analyze the neurological and neuropsychological characteristics of a 64-year-old patient with cerebellar degeneration (novo progressive cerebellar atrophy), which has 15 years of evolution but evaluated by the neuropsychology area the last four years. After clinical evaluation carried out in two stages, and after check standardized neurocognitive tests, significant qualitative data are observed. A progressive decline in the patient's neurocognitive sphere is evident, mainly in executive processes, such as bradypsychia, attention deficit, cognitive rigidity, foresight deficit, and categorical evocation. The results suggest deterioration evidenced probably related to underlying cerebellar disorder, and evidence of cortex-cerebellar circuits, such dysfunction will influence on neurocognitive processes of executive type

    Percepción de los padres de niños con déficit ejecutivos que presentan dificultades en el aprendizaje de matemáticas

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    The main objective of this research is to describe the executive deficits of children with learning difficulties in mathematics and their relationship with parental perceptions. A sample of 30 children with difficulties in mathematics at ages between 9 and 12 years was studied, they underwent Tower of London test, and to the parents the Children's Inventory of Executive Functions (CHEXI) was studied. According to the applied tests, the results showed difficulties in working memory, planning, regulation and inhibition. The results showed no correlation between the executive deficits evidenced in children and the perception of parents. However, there is a positive relationship between the perception of parents in the area of working memory and poor academic performance. The results are discussed by the complexity of the evaluated construct and the multiple variables involved at the time of its clinical assessment. © 2019 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.The main objective of this research is to describe the executive deficits of children with learning difficulties in mathematics and their relationship with parental perceptions. A sample of 30 children with difficulties in mathematics at ages between 9 and 12 years was studied, they underwent Tower of London test, and to the parents the Children's Inventory of Executive Functions (CHEXI) was studied. According to the applied tests, the results showed difficulties in working memory, planning, regulation and inhibition. The results showed no correlation between the executive deficits evidenced in children and the perception of parents. However, there is a positive relationship between the perception of parents in the area of working memory and poor academic performance. The results are discussed by the complexity of the evaluated construct and the multiple variables involved at the time of its clinical assessment. © 2019 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved

    Hematomas en el traumatismo encefalo craneano, estudio sobre la frecuencia, causas, diagnóstico y evolución en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca abril 1990 - marzo 1995

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    De 1034 pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso con traumatismo encéfalo craneal entre Abril de 1990 y Marzo de 1995, se estudiaron a 370 que presentaron hematomas intraparenquimatosos. Hubo 82.9 por ciento de varones y 17 por ciento de mujeres con una edad promedio de 40.6 años; la edad varió de menos de 1 a más de 90 años, con predominancia entre los 10 a los 69 años. 50 por ciento de pacientes fueron de procedencia rural; la ocupación que se encontró con mayor frecuencia fueron los agricultores con 30.3 por ciento y los desocupados con 28.1 por ciento. La principal causa de los traumatismos encéfalo craneales fueron los accidentes de tránsito con 34.1 por ciento y las caídas con 23.3 por ciento. Se consideró el antecedente de ingesta alcohólica encontrándose positivo en el 34.9 por ciento de pacientes. Los hematomas subdurales fueron los más frecuentes con 46.2 por ciento, luego estan los epidurales con 30 por ciento y finalmente los parenquimatosos con 23.8 por ciento; la localización más frecuente fue la región parietal con 75.4 por ciento, luego la región temporal con 31.6 por ciento y la frontal con 27.6 por ciento. Al ingreso, los signos más frecuentes fueron: alteraciones de las funciones mentales superiores con 57.8 por ciento, cefalea con 41.6 por ciento, vómito en 34.6 por ciento y anisocoria en 31.9 por ciento de casos. El diagnóstico fue realizado mediente tomografía computarizada en el 94.05 por ciento; el tratamiento fue quirúrgico en el 71.8 por ciento con un 27.5 por ciento de casos que se manejaron clinicamente. El 23.8 por ciento de pacientes evolucionaron con complicaciones, siendo las más frecuentes: Hipertensión endocraneana [11.6 por ciento] y paro cardiorespiratorio [11.1 por ciento]. Se encontro un promedio de 12 días de hospitalización, con 61 por ciento de pacientes que fueron dados de alta curados, 16.4 por ciento mejorados, y 16.5 por ciento fallecieron. Con relación al pronóstico, los hematomas parenquimatosos tuvieron peor pronóstico con una letalidad del 27.2 por ciento, le sigue los subdurales con 15.2 por ciento y finalmente los epidurales con 9.9 por ciento.Doctor en Medicina y CirugíaCuenc

    Impact of learning English on cognitive processes in older adults. A preliminary study in Cuenca

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    Se realiza un estudio exploratorio descriptivo antes y después de un curso de seis meses de aprendizaje de inglés para adultos mayores, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del aprendizaje de otro idioma sobre la esfera cognitiva en este grupo de edad en la ciudad de Cuenca. Material y Método: Se incluyeron 80 adultos de edad promedio 70.48 ± 4.9 años (31 hombres, 19 mujeres); quienes fueron sometidos a evaluación neurológica y neuropsicológica al inicio, seis y doce meses después del curso, incluyendo pruebas para funcionalidad ejecutiva (memoria de trabajo y procesos atencionales). Resultados: Se encuentran datos de asociación estadística entre alteración de la percepción olfatoria con relación a la edad. Las pruebas neuropsicológicas muestran datos interesantes en relación con mantenimiento cognitivo e incluso mejoría en el rendimiento de las pruebas de series directas e inversas (WAIS III) y en el test de símbolos (SMDT) seis y doce meses luego de haber iniciado un curso de aprendizaje de inglés. Conclusión: El estudio sugiere que el aprendizaje de inglés, incluso sin objetivo funcional del manejo de una nueva lengua, puede tener un efecto protector en las funciones ejecutivas, cuyas alteraciones constituyen los primeros hallazgos en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo. Se propone un seguimiento a largo plazo en la búsqueda de asociación estadística importante.A descriptive exploratory study, before and after a six-month english learning course for seniors is conducted to evaluate the cognitive effect of learning another language in this age group in the city of Cuenca. Materials and Methods: 80 adults of average age 70.48 ± 4.9 years (31 men, 19 women) were included; who underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluation at baseline, six and twelve months after the course; including tests for executive function (working memory and attention processes). Results: Data show significant statistical association between impaired olfactory perception related to age. Neuropsychological tests show interesting data relating cognitive maintenance and even improvement in the Performance Testing Direct and inverse series (Wais III) and Symbol Digital Modality Test (SMDT) six and twelve months after initiating a learning course of English. Conclusion: The study suggests that learning English, even without functional objective of a new language, may have protective effect on the executive functions and neuronal brain networks are claimed the first findings in patients with cognitive impairment. We suggest perform this follow up long term in time to find strongest evidence, related to international bibliography

    IMotions’ automatic facial recognition & text-based content analysis of basic emotions & empathy in the application of the interactive neurocommunicative technique LNCBT (line & numbered concordant basic text)

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    This research paper focuses on the effectiveness of the Line Numbered Concordant Basic Text (LNCBT) of Narcotics Anonymous as an interactive neurocommunicative and gamificated technique to generate empathic emotions through its process and application. The LNCBT is studied as an effective educational, neurocommunicational and behavioral change technique for recovery from addictions. Firstly, it was analyzed through Facial Action Coding System (FACS) using the iMotions Software. Secondly, the FACS results were also contrasted with text-based content analysis to confirm the relationship between empathic emotions and the prose contained in the LNCBT, which the subjects selected through an interactive communicative and game-based learning process: writing the numbers of their favorite sentences that they related with and sharing about them. The analyzed data suggest that LNCBT technique activates emotional empathy, including the ability of identifying through written text and verbal and nonverbal expressions. Results confirmed multiple complex emotional flow from recognizing negative emotions, at the beginning, to more positive emotions, at the end of the technique. From middle time of the technique to the last moments the research observed more balanced emotional states, once the negative experiences were recognized and shared at the beginning. At the end of the experience joy predominates (75%–85% of time) while emotions like anger or disgust tend to diminish. Finally, the text-based content analysis method found data that also suggests that the subjects, during the completion of the LNCBT technique, felt a positive emotional flow towards empathy, a collective, nonjudgmental and shared balance emotional state. The results suggest that the interactive neurocommunicative technique of LNCBT therapeutically supports recovery from the addictive process, from the isolated self-centered obsessive and compulsive emotional state towards a more empathic collective state.Copenhage
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