2 research outputs found
An approach to zoning in the wine growing regions of “Jerez-Xérès-Sherry” and “Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda” (Cádiz, Spain)
The Appellations of Origin “Jerez-Xérès-Sherry” and “Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda” occupy one of the oldest
and most world renowned viticultural areas in the peninsula, but it is not exempt from the serious problems that are
to be found throughout the sector. In order to try to adapt to the present situation, zoning plans are being promoted
whereby priority is given to the quality of the product, sustainable development and the economic interests. This work
undertakes an approach to the viticultural zoning. The nutritional state of the grapevines is studied by means of foliage
analysis at veraison. The quality of production was measured by means of the berry weight and the analysis of the
most usual variables of the must at the time of harvest (°Baumé, pH and titratable acidity) over five seasons, in the 21
plots where the soil profiles were opened for analysis. As a result of applying statistical analysis, the plots are grouped
into five classes, two of which are subdivided. The most significant differences were established between the plots of
class CL1, on Miocene limestone, and those of class CL5, on Pliocene-Quaternary sands and clays. Class CL1 presented
the highest content of ash (mean ± sd CL1; CL5) (15.36 ± 1.73; 12.36 ± 1.77) and calcium (3.42 ± 0.90; 2.65 ± 0.72),
the lowest berry weight (2.10 ± 0.30; 2.47 ± 0.50) and a greater Baumé degree (10.55 ± 0.86; 9.63 ± 0.98) than the CL5.
This new approach takes other essential factors for the quality of the production into account such as the climate and
the geomorphology (altitude, slope, and physiography)Las Denominaciones de Origen Jerez-Xérès-Sherry y Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda ocupan una de las zonas
de producción más antiguas de la península y de mayor reconocimiento a nivel mundial, aunque no están exentas de la
grave problemática por la que atraviesa el sector. Para intentar adaptarse a la situación actual se están promoviendo planes
de zonificación en donde prima la calidad del producto, el desarrollo sostenible y los intereses económicos. En este
trabajo se realiza una aproximación a la zonificación vitícola. Para ello, se estudia el estado nutricional de las vides
mediante el análisis foliar en el envero, la calidad de producción mediante el peso de los granos de uva y el análisis de
las variables más usuales del mosto en la época de vendimia (°Baumé, pH y acidez total) durante 5 campañas, en 21
parcelas coincidentes con la apertura de los perfiles. Como resultado de aplicar el análisis estadístico, se han agrupado
las parcelas en cinco clases, dos de ellas a su vez subdivididas. Las principales diferencias significativas se encontraron
en las parcelas de las clases CL1, sobre albarizas del Mioceno, y las de la clase CL5, sobre arenas y arcillas del
Plioceno-Cuaternario. La clase CL1 presenta el contenido más elevado de cenizas (mean ± sd CL1; CL5) (15,36 ± 1,73;
12,36 ± 1,77) y calcio (3,42 ± 0,90; 2,65 ± 0,72), el menor peso de grano de uva (2,10 ± 0,30; 2,47 ± 0,50) y un mayor
grado Baumé (10,55 ± 0,86; 9,63 ± 0,98) que la CL5. Esta nueva aproximación tiene en cuenta otros factores esenciales
para la calidad de la producción como son el clima y la geomorfología (altitud, pendiente, fisiografía
Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study
: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI