Translation and cross-cultural adaptation with preliminary validation of GCOS-24 for use in Spain

The aim in this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS-24) for use in Spain and to carry out a preliminary psychometric validation in a sample of Spanish patients. With oversight by an expert panel, forward and backward translations were conducted to create the draft Spanish GCOS-24. Fourteen patients were recruited from a clinical genetics service in Madrid, Spain to participate in cognitive interviews designed to explore readability and interpretability of the draft. Following qualitative analysis of interview transcripts, a final version of the Spanish GCOS-24 was agreed with the expert panel. No significant cross-cultural differences were identified. The Spanish GCOS-24 was then completed prior to and 2-4 weeks after genetic counseling by 59 patients attending the service, and data were analysed using analysis of variance. Preliminary psychometric validation of the Spanish GCOS-24 showed significantly higher GCOS-24 scores after genetic counseling (p<0.0001), with good internal consistency (α=0.84) and sensitivity to change over time, with a medium-to-large size effect (Cohen ́s d=0.70). This compares well with the original English language GCOS-24. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish GCOS-24 has potential for use in evaluating clinical genetics services in Spain, but would benefit from assessment of test-retest reliability as well as structural and construct validity

Further validation and psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale

Evaluation of clinical genetic services is challenging due to the nature of their interventions. The Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS-24), a patient-reported outcome measure, was developed to measure empowerment, an important patient-reported outcome from genetic counseling. Previously, we translated and adapted GCOS-24 for use in Spain, but neither test–retest reliability nor structural and construct validity were assessed at that time. In the present study, we set out to test the reliability and validity of the Spanish adaptation of the GCOS-24 against already validated Spanish language measures of satisfaction with life, anxiety, and health locus of control. 880 patients/families who attended the genetics clinic were invited to participate in a online survey. 201 participants (23%) completed the four questionnaires at the first timepoint, and 59 of these (29%) completed GCOS-24 again the second timepoint, 2–4 weeks later. Test–retest reliability was confirmed, with no significant differences between responses to GCOS-24 at the first and second timepoints and good internal consistency. Convergent validity was confirmed between GCOS-24 and measures of satisfaction with life and anxiety but not with measures of health locus of control. For the structural and construct validation, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. The resulting factorial structure of GCOS-24 consists of 6 factors that accumulate 68% of the variance shared by the 21 items that remained in the model. We applied the factor structure of the three validated measures to the available data and analyzed the correlation between factors of GCOS-24 and the other scales. The results showed significant and consistent correlation with factors of the satisfaction with life and anxiety scales but no significant correlation with internal health locus of control. The use of the Spanish adaptation of GCOS-24 in other genetic clinics in Spain will help to validate it further. This study contributes to the international validation of GCOS-24 to evaluate the quality of genetic counseling in Europe

Political Geography of Care (Or why the Pandemic of Coronavirus Confined much of the Global North)

El objetivo principal de este artículo es poner en evidencia cómo la pandemia de COVID19 ha generado una nueva geografía política, en algunos países del Norte global, relacionada con “el gobierno” de los espacios de cuidado. Esta nueva geografía política, que se expresa entonces en hogares, residencias de mayores y los propios centros asistenciales (hospitales), ha obligado a confinar (lockdown) a buena parte de la población del Norte global y ha generado una “especie de cierre económico”, con el consecuente desplome de la economía. Tomando como referencia el caso de España, se afirma que esta nueva geografía política de los cuidados hace emerger las profundas contradicciones que existe entre los espacios de la actividad productiva y los espacios de los cuidados, principalmente en relación con el cuidado de las personas mayores de edad. A partir de un breve recorrido sobre la configuración de los espacios de protección de la salud, de organización de los cuidados y de su crisis, particularmente en la sociedad española, se analizan los últimos datos disponibles sobre el impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud de las personas mayores de 65 años, y se proponen algunas conclusiones que permiten dar cuenta de esta nueva geografía política.The main objective of this article is to show how the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a new political geography, in some countries of the global north, related to “the government” of care spaces. This new political geography, which comes into view in homes, nursing homes and care centers themselves (hospitals), has forced a large part of the population of the global north to be confined (lockdown) generating a sort of “economic closure” and the subsequent economic collapse. Taking as a reference the case of Spain, it is stated that this new political geography of care highlights the profound contradictions existing between the spaces of productive activity and the spaces of care, mainly in relation to the care of elderly people. This article offers a brief overview of the configuration of spaces for health protection, care organization and its crisis, particularly in Spanish society. It analyzes the latest available data on the impact of COVID-19 on the health of people over 65 and it offers some conclusions that allow us to account for this new political geography.Depto. de Sociología AplicadaFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation with Preliminary Validation of GCOS-24 for Use in Spain

The aim in this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS-24) for use in Spain and to carry out a preliminary psychometric validation in a sample of Spanish patients. With oversight by an expert panel, forward and backward translations were conducted to create the draft Spanish GCOS-24. Fourteen patients were recruited from a clinical genetics service in Madrid, Spain to participate in cognitive interviews designed to explore readability and interpretability of the draft. Following qualitative analysis of interview transcripts, a final version of the Spanish GCOS-24 was agreed with the expert panel. No significant cross-cultural differences were identified. The Spanish GCOS-24 was then completed prior to and 2-4 weeks after genetic counseling by 59 patients attending the service, and data were analysed using analysis of variance. Preliminary psychometric validation of the Spanish GCOS-24 showed significantly higher GCOS-24 scores after genetic counseling (p<0.0001), with good internal consistency (α=0.84) and sensitivity to change over time, with a medium-to-large size effect (Cohen ́s d=0.70). This compares well with the original English language GCOS-24. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish GCOS-24 has potential for use in evaluating clinical genetics services in Spain, but would benefit from assessment of test-retest reliability as well as structural and construct validity