Selection and prioritization of organic contaminants for monitoring in the drinking water value chain

The occurrence of organic contaminants in the drinking water value chain is of growing concern for the drinking water industry and its consumers. Because of the need to protect consumer health and retain their confidence on the supply, it is necessary to monitor for organic contaminants of concern to health. However, it is crucial to select and prioritize those organic contaminants of local relevance given the limited resources in developing countries. A generic protocol for the selection and prioritization of organic contaminants for monitoring in the drinking water value chain (from catchment to tap) was developed for use by Rand Water and other water utilities. The protocol was successfully implemented in the Rand Water supply chain resulting in a list of priority organic contaminants. The methodology used, recognizes the use of available information on other databases and the use of criteria tailor made for the drinking water industry

Awareness building and problem identification

Awareness building and problem identificatio

Frameworks for mitigating the risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases: A scoping review

Background Diarrhea is one of the major cause of death and morbidity around the world. Objectives This scoping review summarizes existing frameworks that aim to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases and describe the strengths and weaknesses of these frameworks. Eligibility criteria Published frameworks designed to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases. Frameworks published in English, from around the world and published since inception to date. Sources of evidence PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Free Search, organization websites and reference lists of identified sources. Charting methods Data were charted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results were summarized and described narratively. A criterion to score the strengths and weaknesses of the included frameworks was also developed. Results Five frameworks were identified including: the hygiene improvement framework, community led total sanitation, global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhea, participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation, and sanitation and family education. These frameworks shared several common components, including identification of problems and risk factors, identification and implementation of interventions, and evaluation and monitoring. The frameworks had several interventions including different infrastructure, health promotion and education, enabling environment and clinical treatments. Most of the frameworks included health promotion and education. All the frameworks were strengthened by including strategies for implementing and delivering intervention, human resource aspect, community involvement, monitoring, and evaluation. The main weakness included not having components for collecting, storing, and transferring electronic data and the frameworks not being specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases. In addition, the identified frameworks were found to be effective in mitigating the risk of diarrhea diseases among other health effects. Conclusions Existing frameworks should be updated specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases that includes the strengths and addresses weaknesses of reviewed frameworks

Frameworks for mitigating the risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases: A scoping review.

BackgroundDiarrhea is one of the major cause of death and morbidity around the world.ObjectivesThis scoping review summarizes existing frameworks that aim to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases and describe the strengths and weaknesses of these frameworks.Eligibility criteriaPublished frameworks designed to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases. Frameworks published in English, from around the world and published since inception to date.Sources of evidencePubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Free Search, organization websites and reference lists of identified sources.Charting methodsData were charted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results were summarized and described narratively. A criterion to score the strengths and weaknesses of the included frameworks was also developed.ResultsFive frameworks were identified including: the hygiene improvement framework, community led total sanitation, global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhea, participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation, and sanitation and family education. These frameworks shared several common components, including identification of problems and risk factors, identification and implementation of interventions, and evaluation and monitoring. The frameworks had several interventions including different infrastructure, health promotion and education, enabling environment and clinical treatments. Most of the frameworks included health promotion and education. All the frameworks were strengthened by including strategies for implementing and delivering intervention, human resource aspect, community involvement, monitoring, and evaluation. The main weakness included not having components for collecting, storing, and transferring electronic data and the frameworks not being specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases. In addition, the identified frameworks were found to be effective in mitigating the risk of diarrhea diseases among other health effects.ConclusionsExisting frameworks should be updated specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases that includes the strengths and addresses weaknesses of reviewed frameworks

The hygiene improvement framework [34].

The hygiene improvement framework [34].</p

Included and excluded literature with reasons.

(DOCX)</p

Complete search strategy PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.

(DOCX)</p

The SAFE project life cycle.

The SAFE project life cycle.</p

PRISMA-ScR checklist.

(DOCX)</p