Repeated BCG treatment of mouse bladder selectively stimulates small GTPases and HLA antigens and inhibits single-spanning uroplakins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite being a mainstay for treating superficial bladder carcinoma and a promising agent for interstitial cystitis, the precise mechanism of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains poorly understood. It is particularly unclear whether BCG is capable of altering gene expression beyond its well-recognized pro-inflammatory effects and how this relates to its therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine differentially expressed genes in the mouse bladder following repeated intravesical BCG therapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mice were transurethrally instilled with BCG or pyrogen-free on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Seven days after the last instillation, urothelia along with the submucosa was removed and amplified ds-DNA was prepared from control- and BCG-treated bladder mucosa and used to generate suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Plasmids from control- and BCG-specific differentially expressed clones and confirmed by Virtual Northern were then purified and the inserts were sequenced and annotated. Finally, chromatin immune precipitation combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (ChIP/Q-PCR) was used to validate SSH-selected transcripts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Repeated intravesical BCG treatment induced an up regulation of genes associated with antigen presentation (B2M, HLA-A, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-E, HLA-G, IGHG, and IGH) and representatives of two IFNγ-induced small GTPase families: the GBPs (GBP1, GBP2, and GBP5) and the p47GTPases (IIGTP1, IIGTP2, and TGTP). Genes expressed in saline-treated bladders but down-regulated by BCG included: the single-spanning uroplakins (UPK3a and UPK2), SPRR2G, GSTM5, and RSP 19.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Here we introduced a hypothesis-generator approach to determine key genes involved in the urothelium/sumbmucosa responses to BCG therapy. Urinary bladder responds to repeated BCG treatment by up-regulating not only antigen presentation-related genes, but also GBP and p47 small GTPases, both potentially serving to mount a resistance to the replication of the <it>Mycobacterium</it>. It will be of tremendous future interest to determine whether these immune response cascades play a role in the anti-cancer effects exerted by BCG.</p

Clinical-epiDemiological profile of patients with suspicion of alimentary allergy in Mexico. Mexipreval Study [Perfil clínico-epiDemiológico De pacientes con sospecha De alergia alimentaria en México. Estudio Mexipreval]

Background: Adverse reaction to food has increased around the world in last years. Prevalence of food allergy raises between 2-4% in adults, and 6-8% in children. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and varies from mild symptoms to anaphylactic reactions. Even the clinical history focused in the food is important; Demonstration of allergen sensitization is mandatory. Objective: To Describe the profile of the patients with suspicion of food allergy and the regular clinical practice followed in Mexico. Material and method: An observational, Descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2013 to March 2014 using a convenience sample of allergic patients who were treated in the office, both private and public, of those physicians who seen food allergy patients. Results: Clinical, epiDemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic data were collected from 1,971 suspicious food allergic patients presenting for the ?rst time in the Departments of the researchers involved in the study. No difference was found in relation to genDer. In relation to age, a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 2 and 35 years old, was found. A history of respiratory allergy was present in 75% of cases; 80% of patients had had any previous symptoms before seeking consultation and the most frequent clinical manifestations were cutaneous, 5% reported anaphylaxis. Conclusion: The foods involved in reactions change with age. The clinical presentation changes with the food, although the skin is the most frequently affected organ. Even if the suspicious were high, the confirmation with specific diagnostic tools is strongly recommenDed. © Indice Mexicano De Revistas Biomédicas Latinoamericanas 1998 2015

CO sensor based on thick films of 3D hierarchical CeO2 architectures

Background: Adverse reaction to food has increased around the world in last years. Prevalence of food allergy raises between 2-4% in adults, and 6-8% in children. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and varies from mild symptoms to anaphylactic reactions. Even the clinical history focused in the food is important; Demonstration of allergen sensitization is mandatory. Objective: To Describe the profile of the patients with suspicion of food allergy and the regular clinical practice followed in Mexico. Material and method: An observational, Descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2013 to March 2014 using a convenience sample of allergic patients who were treated in the office, both private and public, of those physicians who seen food allergy patients. Results: Clinical, epiDemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic data were collected from 1,971 suspicious food allergic patients presenting for the ?rst time in the Departments of the researchers involved in the study. No difference was found in relation to genDer. In relation to age, a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 2 and 35 years old, was found. A history of respiratory allergy was present in 75% of cases; 80% of patients had had any previous symptoms before seeking consultation and the most frequent clinical manifestations were cutaneous, 5% reported anaphylaxis. Conclusion: The foods involved in reactions change with age. The clinical presentation changes with the food, although the skin is the most frequently affected organ. Even if the suspicious were high, the confirmation with specific diagnostic tools is strongly recommenDed. " Indice Mexicano De Revistas Biomédicas Latinoamericanas 1998 2015.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40132","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84923314596&partnerID=40&md5=22ccc436960eb364b882283ba4443c52",,,,,,"1",,"Revista Alergia Mexico",,"2