Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis During Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity due to acute pancreatitis during pregnancy by reviewing our experience over a ten-year period

Aortopulmonary septal defect with interrupted aortic arch in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy

We report a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with prenatal diagnosis of aortopulmonary septal defect combined with type B interrupted aortic arch in one of the fetuses. The mother was referred for fetal echocardiography at 24 weeks' gestation due to suspected congenital heart disease. Prenatal echocardiography revealed a defect of 2.8 mm between the main pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta. The course of the ascending aorta was straight to the neck and head, and there was no continuity of the aortic arch after the origin of innominate and left common carotid arteries. Thus, aortopulmonary septal defect with type B interrupted aortic arch was suspected. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis, and surgical repair was performed on the 10th day after birth. The combination of aortopulmonary septal defect with type B interrupted aortic arch is a very rare condition that can be diagnosed by fetal echocardiographic examination in the second trimester of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis is important for the prognosis, since early surgical intervention is needed to prevent development of severe heart failure in the neonate

Prenatal Diagnosis of Torcular Hemphill Thrombosis Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature

Prenatally diagnosed thrombosis of the torcular herophili is very rare, and it is sometimes misdisgnosed due to unfamiliarity. Sonography with color Doppler imaging is the key imaging modality for prenatal diagnosis of torcular herophili thrombosis. Typical prenatal sonographic findings include a well-defined triangular anechoic collection in the occipital region and an echogenic structure within the collection, which represents the thrombus. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging is usually used as an adjunctive modality for prenatal diagnosis, as it confirms the diagnosis by providing more precise anatomic information and better characterization of the lesion. We present 2 cases of thrombosis of an ectatic torcular herophili with serial sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, as well as a review of the literature regarding the prenatal diagnosis of torcular herophili thrombosis

Intrauterine diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism

We present two cases of fetal hypothyroidism with goiter which were successfully diagnosed and treated in utero. In both cases, ultrasonographic examination demonstrated a bilobed solid anterior neck mass with increased vascularity compatible with enlarged thyroid gland. Fetal blood sampling revealed hypothyroidism. Intra-amniotic injection of L-thyroxin caused a reduction in thyroid gland size and enabled vaginal delivery without complication. In the first case, maternal thyroid hormone levels and autoantibodies were normal and the neonate had hypothyroidism suggesting the diagnosis of dyshormonogenesis. In the second case, the fetus had transient hypothyroidism, which resolved spontaneously after delivery. Maternal thyroid function tests and autoantibodies were normal and both the mother and neonate had normal urinary iodine, excluding the diagnosis of iodine deficiency or excess. Thus, we believe that transplacental transfer of undetermined factors might be a cause of transient congenital hypothyroidism. Also, we reviewed the literature and described controversial issues regarding the management of fetal goiter

Significance of septa in first trimester increased nuchal translucency thickness

The objective of this study was to investigate perinatal outcome in cases of increased nuchal translucency (NT) with or without cystic hygroma (CH), and to determine whether first-trimester CH engenders a greater risk than simple increased NT

Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy

Aim The objective of this study was to assess the changes in female sexual function during pregnancy and to identify associated factors among Turkish population using a validated questionnaire. Furthermore, we aimed to examine Turkish pregnant women's beliefs regarding sexual activity and describe their source of information about sexuality during pregnancy. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, healthy heterosexual pregnant women who had been living with their partners within the last four weeks were asked to complete two self-administered questionnaires, one of which was Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results A significant association was found between the decrease in intercourse frequency and trimesters, as a decline in frequency was reported by 58.3%, 66.1% and 76.5% of women in each trimester, respectively (P=0.01). Only the trimester of gestation and employment status were independent factors associated with the decline in sexual intercourse frequency during pregnancy. When the overall FSFI score were compared according to each trimester of pregnancy, there were no statistical significant differences between the first and second trimesters (P=0.71). The overall FSFI score in the third trimester was found to be significantly lower than the overall scores in the first two trimesters (P<0.001 for both). In linear regression analysis, overall FSFI scores were adversely affected by only being in the last trimester. 38.7% of women and 36.2% of male partners worried that sexual intercourse may harm the pregnancy. Among the total sample, only 23.8% of women discussed sexuality with the medical staff. Conclusion The third trimester is the independent variable for both decreased sexual activity frequency and sexual function scores in pregnancy. Counseling about sexuality during pregnancy is not frequent in the clinical setting, but conversations about this topic should happen on a regular basis during prenatal care visits

Prenatal Diagnosis of Tethered Spinal Cord Associated with Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Tethered spinal cord is mostly caused by myelomeningocele and lipomyelomeningocele, while dermal sinus tract, diastematomyelia, lipoma, tumor, thickened/tight filum terminale, spinal trauma, and spinal surgery are among the other causes. Prenatal diagnosis of tethered cord has been reported, and it is usually associated with neural tube defects. We present an atypical presentation of a tethered spinal cord, which was associated with a sacrococcygeal teratoma and was diagnosed in the 23rd week of pregnancy by ultrasonography. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Renal failure due to renal vein thrombosis in a fetus with growth restriction and thrombophilia

We report a case of renal vein thrombosis diagnosed at 27 weeks of gestation in a dichorionic twin pregnancy. The left kidney of one fetus was hyperechoic and enlarged with echoic streaks following the direction of interlobular veins and the loss of corticomedullary differentiation. In the following weeks, left kidney became smaller and echoic, and Doppler examination showed no flow in both artery and vein. The right kidney had totally normal appearance in the beginning, but it became enlarged and hyperechoic, and progressed into a small echoic kidney with no flow in artery and vein. In the postnatal ultrasound examination, both kidneys appeared hyperechoic with no vascularization in the hilum region. There was thrombosis in arteries and veins of both kidneys, as well as in the inferior vena cava. The investigation for thrombophilia resulted with the combined presence of heterozygote mutation in factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210 genes

Evaluation of fetal subarachnoid space using transabdominal ultrasonography and normal values during pregnancy

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of evaluating the subarachnoid space by measuring two novel sonographic parameters in axial section using transabdominal ultrasound, in addition to the parameters previously defined in coronal section, and to construct a normal range for the subarachnoid space width in singleton healthy fetuses