Association of Anthropometric Indexes With Disease Severity in Male Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Qazvin, Iran

Malnutrition is one of the most important factors that lead to lower quality of life in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are several methods for assessing malnutrition including anthropometric indexes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of anthropometric indexes with disease severity in male patients with COPD in Qazvin, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 male patients with COPD in Qazvin, Iran, from May to December 2014. Spirometry was performed for all participants. Disease severity was determined using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guideline. Body mass index (BMI), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured. MAMC and TSF were categorized into three subgroups as <25th P, between 25th P and 75th P, and >75th P (Where P is the abbreviation for percentile.). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Mean age was 60.23 ± 11.39 years. Mean BMI was 23.23 ± 4.42 Kg/m2, mean MAMC was 28.34 ± 3.72 cm2, and mean TSF was 10.15 ± 6.03 mm. Mean BMI and MAMC in the GOLD stage IV were significantly lower than other stages. Of 72, 18.1 were underweight while 6.9 were obese. The GOLD stage IV was associated with 16 times increased risk of underweight and nine times increased risk of MAMC < 25th P. Disease severity was associated with BMI and MAMC as indexes of malnutrition in patients with COPD in the present study. The GOLD stage IV was associated with increased risk of underweight and low MAMC. © 2018, The Author(s)

Association of Anthropometric Indexes With Disease Severity in Male Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Qazvin, Iran

Malnutrition is one of the most important factors that lead to lower quality of life in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are several methods for assessing malnutrition including anthropometric indexes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of anthropometric indexes with disease severity in male patients with COPD in Qazvin, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 male patients with COPD in Qazvin, Iran, from May to December 2014. Spirometry was performed for all participants. Disease severity was determined using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guideline. Body mass index (BMI), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured. MAMC and TSF were categorized into three subgroups as <25th P, between 25th P and 75th P, and >75th P (Where P is the abbreviation for percentile.). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Mean age was 60.23 ± 11.39 years. Mean BMI was 23.23 ± 4.42 Kg/m2, mean MAMC was 28.34 ± 3.72 cm2, and mean TSF was 10.15 ± 6.03 mm. Mean BMI and MAMC in the GOLD stage IV were significantly lower than other stages. Of 72, 18.1 were underweight while 6.9 were obese. The GOLD stage IV was associated with 16 times increased risk of underweight and nine times increased risk of MAMC < 25th P. Disease severity was associated with BMI and MAMC as indexes of malnutrition in patients with COPD in the present study. The GOLD stage IV was associated with increased risk of underweight and low MAMC. © 2018, The Author(s)

Level of maternal triglycerides is a predictor of fetal macrosomia in non-obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: The role of maternal serum triglycerides (TGs) in the development of fetal macrosomia in different subgroups of body mass index (BMI) has received little attention. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the level of maternal TGs and fetal macrosomia in Iranian pregnant women of different BMI subgroups with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 305 pregnant women with GDM referred for glucose control to Kowsar Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. Level of TGs was measured on the 24th-28th weeks of pregnancy. The ROC curve of the level of TGs was depicted in BMI subgroups to predict fetal macrosomia. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk of macrosomia per 1-SD increase in the level of TGs. Results: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia did not significantly differ across BMI subgroups. Macrosomia was more prevalent in obese women (32.2) than overweight (19.1) and normal weight (11.1) women (P < 0.05). A 1-SD increase in the level of TG was associated with 4.2 and 1.9 times increased risk of macrosomia in normal weight (P < 0.01) and overweight (P < 0.01) women, respectively. Serum level of TGs was not associated with macrosomia in any adjustment models in obese women. The area under the curve of the level of TGs for macrosomia was 0.828 (95 CI: 0.712-0.911, P < 0.001) and 0.711 (95 CI: 0.639-0.775, P < 0.001) in normal weight and overweight women, respectively. Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia was a predictor of macrosomia in non-obese women. More studies on different ethnicities and lifestyles are necessary to determine the association between the level of maternal TG and fetal macrosomia in BMI subgroups. © 2018

COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic

Background: The worldwide emergence and rapid expansion of COVID-19 emphasizes the need to assess the knowledge gap and to predict the disease-related behaviors and reactions during this epidemic. Methods and design: COVID19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) is a repeated cross sectional survey that will be conducted in 8 waves. In each wave, 515 Iranian adults aged 18 years or older will be randomly selected and interviewed by phone. The study waves will be performed at approximately weekly intervals. The survey tool is adapted from COSMO (COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring) study. This study will provide information on trends of knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adults during COVID-19 epidemic. Discussion: The key findings of each wave will be immediately reported to the National Headquarters for Coronavirus Control to set better policies for disease control and prevention. Moreover, if a message is extracted from the results of this study that needs to be communicated to the public, it will be done through the mass media. © Iran University of Medical Sciences

Association of food allergies, cow�s milk allergy, and asthma with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

There are controversies on the association of childhood allergic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between food allergy, cow�s milk allergy (CMA), and asthma with pediatric IBD in Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 200 individuals less than 18-year-old (100 with IBD and 100 as control group). Medical records, clinical presentation, and laboratory and para-clinical findings related to food allergy, CMA, and asthma were reviewed for all participants in both groups and were recorded. Among 100 children with IBD, 40 had Crohn's disease, and 60 had ulcerative colitis. The frequency of food allergy, cow's milk allergy, and asthma in children with IBD was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Asthma in children with Crohn's disease was significantly more prevalent than children with ulcerative colitis (P=0.008). Food allergy (OR: 22.1, 95 CI: 5.1-95.05, P<0.001), CMA (OR: 15, 95 CI: 3-67, P<0.001), and asthma (OR: 10, 95 CI: 3-37.05, P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of IBD in children. Food allergy, CMA in infancy and asthma are more prevalent in children with different subtypes of IBD. The diagnosis of these risk factors is associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Association of food allergies, cow�s milk allergy, and asthma with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

There are controversies on the association of childhood allergic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between food allergy, cow�s milk allergy (CMA), and asthma with pediatric IBD in Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 200 individuals less than 18-year-old (100 with IBD and 100 as control group). Medical records, clinical presentation, and laboratory and para-clinical findings related to food allergy, CMA, and asthma were reviewed for all participants in both groups and were recorded. Among 100 children with IBD, 40 had Crohn's disease, and 60 had ulcerative colitis. The frequency of food allergy, cow's milk allergy, and asthma in children with IBD was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Asthma in children with Crohn's disease was significantly more prevalent than children with ulcerative colitis (P=0.008). Food allergy (OR: 22.1, 95 CI: 5.1-95.05, P<0.001), CMA (OR: 15, 95 CI: 3-67, P<0.001), and asthma (OR: 10, 95 CI: 3-37.05, P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of IBD in children. Food allergy, CMA in infancy and asthma are more prevalent in children with different subtypes of IBD. The diagnosis of these risk factors is associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Association of metabolic syndrome components with insulin resistance in normal weight population: the Qazvin Metabolic Diseases study

Purpose Metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome components with MONW in each sex in Iranian population. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 417 normal weight subjects in Qazvin, Iran between September 2010 and April 2011. MONW was defined by insulin resistance (IR) using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Cut off point for IR was defined as the lower limit of top quintile of HOMA-IR values in normal weight population without any metabolic risk factors. Data were analyzed using T test, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariant logistic regression analysis. Results Of 417 subjects, 44.3 % were female. The prevalence of MONW was 33.8 % in men and 39.8 % in women. Triglycerides levels were significantly higher in both men and women with MONW. Waist circumference was significantly higher in men with MONW, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in women with MONW. In logistic regression analysis, hypertriglyceridemia in women (OR 3.398; 95 % CI 1.306– 8.846) and waist circumference (per 5 cm increment) in men (OR 1.653; 95 % CI 1.279–2.136) had independent association with MONW. Conclusion Association of metabolic syndrome components with MONW is different in men and women. Waist circumference had an independent association with IR in men but not in women. IR and its complications should be considered in lean women with hypertriglyceridemia. Keywords Gender difference · MONW · Insulin resistance · Waist circumference · Hypertriglyceridemi

Propuesta de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud para una empresa constructora de edificaciones

TesisDurante los últimos años se ha establecido nueva normativa legal relativa a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, la cual afecta a todos los rubros de la economía del país y especialmente a las actividades de alto riesgo como la construcción. En el caso de este sector, se cuenta con la Norma G 050 Seguridad y Salud durante la Construcción, publicada en el año 2009, la cual establece los lineamientos base para la elaboración de planes de seguridad para las obras de construcción. Por otra parte, en el año 2011 se promulga la Ley 29783 de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo donde se decreta la obligatoriedad de los sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en todas las empresas y directrices generales sobre su funcionamiento. En los dos años consecutivos se promulgan el Reglamento de la Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo y la Resolución Ministerial 050 2013 TR, en el primero se señalan aspectos específicos que deben cumplir los sistemas de gestión y en el segundo se presentan guías para la implementación de los sistemas de gestión y la elaboración de reglamentos internos de seguridad y salud. Asimismo, toda la normativa mencionada anteriormente referente a seguridad y salud en el trabajo toma como referencia los requisitos y estructura de la norma OHSAS 18001:2007, estándar internacional para sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional. Frente al nuevo marco legal de seguridad y salud, la mayoría de empresas constructoras, en especial las que construyen edificaciones, opta por desarrollar o contratar a especialistas para que elaboren los planes de seguridad y salud de los proyectos de construcción que van a ejecutar pero no implementan un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud. Esta práctica resulta contraproducente puesto a falta de un sistema las empresas son incapaces de evaluar su rendimiento y evolución en cuanto a la seguridad de sus actividades así como de fomentar una cultura de prevención en sus trabajadores. Por último, la ley establece responsabilidad civil y penal para la alta dirección de las empresas en caso no se tomen medidas preventivas para que los trabajadores desarrollen sus actividades, una de ellas es la haber implementado el Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud de la empresa. Por lo descrito, resulta pertinente y oportuno desarrollar propuestas de sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud para una empresa constructora de edificaciones, tal como se desarrollará en el presente trabajo, máxime, que en los últimos años este sector es el que mantiene el crecimiento del país

Optimal waist circumference cut-off points for predicting cardiovascular risk factors in Minoodar district, Qazvin

Background: Central obesity - one of the metabolic syndrome components- is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Central obesity is defined based on waist circumference. Using ethnicity-specific waist circumference cut-off values is recommended as a cardiovascular risk factor. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal waist circumference cut-off points for predicting cardiovascular risk factors in Qazvin. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1107 residents of Minoodar district of Qazvin that were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in 2011-2012. Anthropometric indices and laboratory tests were measured. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of waist circumference for predicting each cardiovascular risk factor were depicted and areas under curve were calculated. The optimal cut-point was identified by the maximum Youden Index. Sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference cut points according to ATP III and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were calculated for diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. Findings: Of 1107, 529 (47.8%) were male. Mean age was 40.08±10.33. The optimal waist circumference cut points for predicting cardiovascular risk factors were 90.5-93.5 cm in men and 85.5-92.5 cm in women. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that waist circumference cut point of ATP III is almost appropriate for women but is high for men. Waist circumference cut point of IDF is almost appropriate for men but is low for women