Addressing the Problems in American Drug Policy: A Case for the Legalization of Drugs

Addressing the Problems in American Drug Policy: A Case for the Legalization of Drug

Poverty Alleviation Among Nigerian Youths via Entrepreneurial Education: Issues and Challenges

This paper discussed the relevance of entrepreneurship education in alleviating poverty among Nigerian youths. The paper equally discussed the issues and challenges inherent in the implementation of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria Universities. Objectives of entrepreneurship education were highlighted. Theoretical and empirical literature relevant to the study was reviewed. Finally, the study recommended among others that all the three tiers of government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and all other stakeholders in education industry should ensure that entrepreneurship education is properly funded for effective implementation. Key words: poverty, alleviation, youths, stake holders,  entrepreneurial education, self-reliance, issues, challenges

The American No Child Left Behind Act: Implications for the Nigerian School System.

This paper discussed the facts about the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) in America and compares that with the Nigerian equivalent of No Child Left Behind. The standards and goals set forth by both the American and Nigerian legislations were addressed. The paper touched the positive and negative aspects of NCLB on our school systems in both America and Nigeria. Several research articles that discuss the impact of NCLB on our school systems were also discussed. Finally, recommendations on ways and means to help the Nigerian students with disabilities forge ahead in the 21st century were made. Keywords: Special education, Litigation, Social issues, parental involvement, Education refor

Family Planning in Nigeria: a Myth or Reality? Implications for Education

This study investigated the extent of family planning, the methods and contraceptive devices in use and the influence of education on family planning among couples in Nkanu Local Government Area of Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises all the married couples in this area. A sample size of six hundred married people was selected for this study.  Questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument which was validated by three experts in relevant areas has two parts. Part A elicited the respondents’ bio-data while part B consisted of 12 items to elicit information to answer the research questions. The items were structured on a four point scale.  In the selected area, the instrument was administered personally by the researchers to the literate respondents while the illiterates were interviewed using the items in the questionnaire. Percentages were used to answer research questions 2 and 3 while real limit of numbers was used to answer research question 1. The result shows that family planning practice among couples in Nkanu Local Government Area of Enugu State is high; the contraceptive methods used were mainly traditional.  Educational status has positive influence on family planning in the area. It was recommended that the rural areas should be enlightened on the efficiency of the modern family planning methods. Key words: family planning, traditional methods, modern methods, couples, education

A Survey of “Bullying Traits” As Perceived By Schooling Adolescents in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to identify bullying traits and to determine the assessment techniques applicable for addressing the challenges of bullying among schooling adolescents. This study was guided by two research questions. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The sample consists of 150 schooling adolescents drawn from the south-east of Nigeria. Two instruments were developed by the researchers after extensive review of literature. The instruments were used for bullying traits and the assessment techniques. The instruments were validated. In analyzing the data mean and standard deviation were used. Some findings were made based on the analysis of the data. This was followed by recommendations which were made based on the findings of the stud Keyword: taunting, psychological bullies, dorminance, aggression, imballanc

Effect of Remedial Reading Instruction on Word Recognition Problem for Inclusive Education in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of remedial reading instruction on word recognition for inclusive education in Nigeria. Two research questions were posed and two hypotheses formulated for the study. A quasi-experimental design was used. A sample size of 20 primary school pupils selected out of a population of children with reading disability in Nsukka local government area were assigned to treatment and control groups. All the pupils recommended and identified by grade three teachers and continuous assessment record in reading respectively were pre-tested using adapted diagnostic checklist for oral reading and the grade reader. At the end of the treatment session, the participants were post-tested with the same instrument. The data were collated and analyzed using mean and standard deviations to answer the questions. While t-test statistics was employed to test the null hypotheses. The result of the study among other things revealed that there was mean difference in remedial instruction on word recognition, though they were insignificant. Keywords: Remedial, automation, content, processes, diagonisti

Effect of Training in Lip Reading on Speech Reception of Children with Hearing Impairment in Inclusive Education Classroom in Nigeria: Implication for Regular Teachers.

The study investigated the effect of training in lip reading on speech reception of children with hearing impairment in inclusive classroom in Nigeria and its implication for regular teachers. Quasi-experimental design of pretest-post-test design with two experimental groups receiving equal treatment on lip reading training (LRT) was used for the study. The population of the study was thirty six (36) children with hearing impairment in primary five in primary school for the deaf in Enugu Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was researchers’ made test called Lip-Reading Test (LRT) drawn from everyday sentences of IOWA- Keaster forms A and B. Mean and standard deviation was used to analyse the data and ANCOVA to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that the use of amplification (hearing aid) facilitated the reception of speech by children with hearing impairment (CWHI). The study then recommended that training in lip reading should be given to children with hearing impairment (CWHI) and teachers to be equipped to participate and interact effectively in the inclusive education classroom CWHI. Keywords: Inclusion, impairment, images, perception, receptio

Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Women Screening for HIV Prevention Trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (MTN-009)

Background:A major concern with using antiretroviral (ARV)-based products for HIV prevention is the potential spread of drug resistance, particularly from individuals who are HIV-infected but unaware of their status. Limited data exist on the prevalence of HIV infection or drug resistance among potential users of ARV-based prevention products.Methods:A cross-sectional study of reproductive-aged women who presented to screen for an HIV prevention trial was conducted at 7 clinical sites in Durban, South Africa. CD4+T cell counts, HIV-1 RNA levels and population sequencing of the protease and reverse transcriptase genes were performed for all women with 2 positive HIV rapid tests. Resistance mutations were identified using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance Tool.Results:Of the 1073 evaluable women, 400(37%) were confirmed as HIV-infected. Of those, plasma HIV-1 RNA was detectable in 365/400(91%) and undetectable(200 copies/ml) analyzed for drug resistance, 26(7.4%) had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI) drug resistance mutations. Among those with resistance, 18/26 participants(62%) had single-class NNRTI resistance and 5/26(19%) had dual-class NRTI/NNRTI. Major mutations in reverse transcriptase included K65R(n = 1), L74I(n = 1), K103N(n = 19), V106M(n = 4), Y181C(n = 2), M184V(n = 4), and K219E/R(n = 2). Major PI-resistance mutations were rare: M46L(n = 1) and I85V(n = 1). All participants were infected with subtype C virus, except one infected with subtype A.Conclusions:In women from Durban, South Africa screening for an HIV prevention trial, the HIV prevalence was high (37%) and HIV drug resistance prevalence was above 5%. This study highlights the potential challenges faced when implementing an ARV-based prevention product that overlaps with first-line antiretroviral therapy. Effective screening to exclude HIV infection among women interested in uptake of ARV-based HIV prevention will be essential in limiting the spread of ARV resistance

Preliminary Identification of Performance -Oriented Competences for Undergraduates' Entrepreneurial Education via Information Communication Technology (ICT) for Wealth Creation in Enugu State, Nigeria

Abstract This study sought to find out from the perceptions of the undergraduate students, the ICT and Entrepreneurial Competences needed for wealth creation. The study was carried out in Enugu State of Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of approximately 3000 final year students of University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN )and Enugu State University of Technology Enugu (ESUT).Two hundred students was purposively sampled from the two schools, 100 from each school. Questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument was validated by two lecturers in the Department of Social science Education, UNN. Data was analyzed using a modified four point rating scale of Strongly Agree (4points), Agree (3points), Disagree (2points) and Strongly Disagree (1point). Mean was used to answer the two research questions. The bench mark for the acceptable value is from 2.50 and above. The major findings of the study revealed that almost all the identified entrepreneurial competences were perceived by the respondents as the competences for wealth creation, while all the identified ICT competencies were accepted for entrepreneurial empowerment. Based on the findings of the study the following conclusion and recommendations among others were drawn. School Administrators should try to organize workshops intermittently, inviting resource persons who are experts in different field of study to acquaint the students with practical skills that will help them to be functional in a specific area of interest