Road-map of aquatic-food processing development of I.R. of IRAN

Scientific and practical planning for achieving the lofty goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of development plan of 1404 is the requirement to achieve sustainable development. Establishing roadmap of industries and products was considered by the scientific and technology office of the deputy president, in order to achieve the abovementioned objectives and in line with the national scientific comprehensive map. Therefore, present study was conducted as the roadmap of national aquatic-food processing development using available approved documents e.g. Iran perspective of 1404, fifth developing plan of I.R. of Iran, developing plan of Iranian fisheries organization in 1400 and the available approved statistical data. Current perspective of the aquatic-food processing is presented at the first chapter of the study. The second chapter reviewed the problems and obstacles. Third chapter tabulated the published studies and researches in fish handling and processing so far. Finally fourth chapter recommends executive and research projects considering quantitative and qualitative objectives of Iran 1400 plan as well as fifth developing plan of Shilat-Iran (Iranian fisheries organization). Authors hope the study to be useful in the national planning of I. R. of Iran in the future

Meeting Future Energy Needs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya

As mentioned in earlier chapters, the HKH regions form the entirety of some countries, a major part of other countries, and a small percentage of yet others. Because of this, when we speak about meeting the energy needs of the HKH region we need to be clear that we are not necessarily talking about the countries that host the HKH, but the clearly delineated mountainous regions that form the HKH within these countries. It then immediately becomes clear that energy provisioning has to be done in a mountain context characterized by low densities of population, low incomes, dispersed populations, grossly underdeveloped markets, low capabilities, and poor economies of scale. In other words, the energy policies and strategies for the HKH region have to be specific to these mountain contexts

Approximately Multiplicative Functionals on the Product of Banach Algebras

. In this paper we characterize the conditions under which approximately multiplicative functionals are near multiplicative functionals on the product of Banach algebra

Approximately Multiplicative Functionals on the Spaces of Formal Power Series

We characterize the conditions under which approximately multiplicative functionals are near multiplicative functionals on weighted Hardy spaces

EVALUATION OF FIVE FREE MEDLINE SITES IN INTERNET

Medline is one of the valuable sources of medical information on internet. Medline is an electronic index in which retrieval of about 11,000,000 documents from 4300 medical journals in 30 languages is possible and on the average 8000 documents are being added to it every week (1). Now, free access to Medline is possible in more than 50 sites (2-3). The quality of searching, strategy of searching and considered limitations in searching, and the interval of up-dating vary from site. In regard to these differences, researchers are faced with this question that which sites of Medline can provide more accurate and faster information. Among different free sites of Medline, five sites of BioMed Net, Dimidi, infotrieve, GratefulMed and Plumbed are the most famous ones (4-6). In the present study two indices of retrieval and precision that are more important in the evaluation of sites have been investigated. Retrieval is the number of searched documents a part from the relation of document with subject (3-5). As previous studies have proved the effect of searching language on retrieval and precision (3-6), in this study searching was performed by natural language and control vocabulary searching.
 This cross-sectional study was carried out on five famous free sites of Medline on 2000. To evaluate these sites, retrieval and precision were determined and in order to control the probable effect of searching language evaluation was done by two natural language and control vocabulary searching. 36 researchers referring to the research information in Medline were selected and each of their re-question subjects (36 subjects) were searched in the five understudied sites once by the key words suggested by the researchers (natural language searching) and once by the key words determined based on subject (control vocabulary searching). The period of the searching was from 1990 to 2000. In control vocabulary searching, key words of researching subject were determined by using Mesh page in PubMed. Then searched documents were evaluated for their relation to the aimed subjects. Precision was calculated by dividing the number of related documents to the total searched documents. Data analysis was done by using paired Hest and Repeated ANOVA in SPSS soft ware.
 Evaluation of Researchers of Searched Documents in five Understudied Sites was shown in table. Based on the results of this study in both natural language and control vocabulary searching there was no significant difference among the five understudied sites in regard to the retrieval and precision. These results are in line with the results of Bonham (1988) study (3). Retrieval and precision of all five sites were significantly higher in nature language searching in comparison to control vocabulary searching (P < 0/05)

Fiber reinforcement of a resin modified glass ionomer cement

Objectives: Understand how discontinuous short glass fibers and braided long fibers can be effectively used to reinforce a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) for carious lesion restorations. Methods: Two control groups (powder/liquid kit and capsule) were prepared from a light cured RMGIC. Either discontinuous short glass fibers or braided polyethylene fiber ribbons were used as a reinforcement both with and without pre-impregnation with resin. For the former case, the matrix was the powder/liquid kit RMGIC, and for the latter case the matrix was the capsule form. Flexural strength was evaluated by three-point beam bending and fracture toughness was evaluated by the single-edge V-notch beam method. Compressive strength tests were performed on cylindrical samples. Results were compared by analysis of variances and Tukey's post-hoc test. Flexural strength data were analyzed using Weibull statistical analysis. Results: The short fiber reinforced RMGIC both with and without pre-impregnation showed a significant increase of ∼50% in the mean flexural strength and 160–220% higher fracture toughness compared with the powder/liquid RMGIC control. Reinforcement with continuous braided fibers gave more than a 150% increase in flexural strength, and pre-impregnation of the braided fibers with resin resulted in a significant flexural strength increase of more than 300% relative to the capsule control. However, for the short fiber reinforced RMGIC there was no significant benefit of resin pre-impregnation of the fibers. The Weibull modulus for the flexural strength approximately doubled for the fiber reinforced groups compared to the control groups. Finally, compressive strength was similar for all the groups tested. Significance: By using a RMGIC as a matrix, higher flexural strength was achieved compared to reported values for short fiber reinforced GICs. Additionally, the short fibers provided effective toughening of the RMGIC matrix by a fiber bridging mechanism. Finally, continuous braided polyethylene fibers gave much higher flexural strength than discontinuous glass fibers, and their effectiveness was enhanced by pre-impregnation of the fibers with resin

Incidence trend of breast Cancer in women of eastern Mediterranean region countries from 1998 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study was conducted to provide evidence on the current status of breast cancer and its incidence trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region during 1998-2019. Also, this study aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of breast cancer and Human Development Index and some factors related to this index, including total fertility rate, and obesity, using a meta-analysis. Method: Data on incidence of breast cancer were collected from various sources, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and WHO, from 1998 to 2019 using systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled age standardized rate was calculated based on study duration and quality of data using a subgroup analysis and random effect meta-analysis. Results: A total of 80 studies (545 data points) were analyzed. Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer for Eastern Mediterranean Region was 37.1 per 100,000 person-year (95 confidence interval CI, 34.5, 39.8) during 2011-2019. age standardized rate of breast cancer had an upward trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region from 2005 to 2019. However, the increasing trend was found to be slightly different in various regions based on quality of data. Moreover, pooled age standardized rate had a significant association with Human Development Index -89.2 (95% CI,-119.8,-58.7) and obesity 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9, 1.5). Conclusion: Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Region was lower than the global average. Also, the age standardized rate value and its incremental trend have been higher in countries with high-quality data than in other countries of this region in recent years. Data quality or physiological factors, such as increase in obesity rates, could be the reasons for this incremental trend. © 2020 The Author(s)