12 research outputs found
The Baksan gallium solar neutrino experiment
A radiochemical 71Ga-71Ge experiment to determine the integral flux of neutrinos from the sun has been constructed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements have begun with 30 tonnes of gallium. An additional 30 tonnes of gallium are being installed so as to perform the full experiment with a 60-tonne target. The motivation, experiment procedures, and present status of this experiment are described. Β© 1990
First results from the Soviet-American gallium experiment
The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. Β© 1991
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The Soviet-American gallium experiment at Baksan
A gallium solar neutrino detector is sensitive to the full range of the solar neutrino spectrum, including the low-energy neutrinos from the fundamental proton-proton fusion reaction. If neutrino oscillations in the solar interior are responsible for the suppressed {sup 8}B flux measured by the Homestake {sup 37}Cl experiment and the Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector, then a comparison of the gallium, chlorine, and water results may make possible a determination of the neutrino mass difference and mixing angle. A 30-ton gallium detector is currently operating in the Baksan laboratory in the Soviet Union, with a ratio of expected solar signal to measured background (during the first one to two {sup 71}Ge half lives) of approximately one. 28 refs
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈ
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π³ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 1978 ΠΏΠΎ 2016 Π³Π³. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°: Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ (ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ β Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.Multi-method landscape-ecological researches results on stationary parts in the river Volga delta, transformed to rank of natural sanctuary in the period of 1978-2016 are presented in this work. The main landscape dynamics tendencies are discovered, natural and anthropogenous factors of soil and vegetation cover are estimated for peculiar long inundable territories: water-soluble salts cationic- anionic analysis and their migration specific features and accumulation in dependence of the limited natural and anthropogenous factors changes for long inundable soil cover for forty years period; integrated effect of meteorological, hydrological, adaphic and anthropogenous factors cumulative changes on different years fluctuations and seral vegetational change for vegetation was revealed. Multi-year researches results show that the main factors, defining content and highly soluble salts radial migration in soils, also vegetation productivity and its species composition are hydrological regime (most of all β spring-summer floodings character) and territory climatic specific features. However, it is necessary to take into account local secondary effects influence, which can have an effective refracted impact on ambient background signals besides the main primary factors effect
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First Results From the Soviet-American Gallium Experiment
The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab