Infant and child feeding practices: a preliminary investigation

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.The objective of this preliminary investigation was to examine the feeding practices of infants and pre-school children in Adelaide, and thereby contribute to the development of appropriate preventive dental strategies. A stratified random sample of 160 two year old and three year old pre-school children in the Adelaide Statistical District was obtained. Information about feeding practices and use of comforters or ‘dummies’ was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire completed by parents of the selected children. Information was collected for the age periods of 0–3 months, 4–6 months, 7–12 months, 13–24 months and 25–36 months. Most of the children (81.8 per cent) were breast-fed at some stage. However the percentage of children being breast-fed decreased markedly across age periods, particularly to 13–24 months, when only 15.9 per cent of children were being breast-fed. Over half of the children had been bottle-fed with infant formula at some stage. The highest percentage of children being bottle-fed with infant formula occurred in the 4–6 months (42.6 per cent) closely followed by the 7–12 months age period (37.4 per cent). Nearly two-thirds of children were bottle-fed with cow's milk at some stage. The highest percentage of children being bottle-fed with cow's milk occurred in the 13–24 months age period (49.6 per cent). A quarter (24.5 per cent) of the children were put to bed at some stage with a bottle containing cariogenic fluids. The majority of children used a ‘dummy’ at some stage during both day-time and night-time. Parents are in need of advice on appropriate feeding patterns for infants and young children.Amjad H. Wyne,A. John Spencer and Fearnley S. Szuste

First record of Facciola’s sorcerer, Facciolella oxyrhyncha(Actinopterygii, Anguilliformes, Nettastomatidae) from the Aegean Sea

A specimen of Facciola’s sorcerer,Facciolella oxyrhyncha(Bellotti, 1883), was caught for the first time in the central Aegean Sea, on January 2007 by a commercial bottom trawler at a depth of about 230 m on the muddy bottom of Southern Sigacik Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey

First record of Facciola’s sorcerer, Facciolella oxyrhyncha(Actinopterygii, Anguilliformes, Nettastomatidae) from the Aegean Sea

A specimen of Facciola’s sorcerer,Facciolella oxyrhyncha(Bellotti, 1883), was caught for the first time in the central Aegean Sea, on January 2007 by a commercial bottom trawler at a depth of about 230 m on the muddy bottom of Southern Sigacik Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey

No adverse effect to bonding following caries disinfection with chlorhexidine

PubMed ID: 19341575Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine-based cavity disinfectant on the microtensile bond strength of 3 restorative materials to caries-affected and sound primary dentin. Methods: Eighteen exfoliated primary molars with occlusal caries and 18 sound primary molars were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups, according to the following restorative materials: (1) high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC; KetacMolar); (2) resin-modified GIC (Vitremer); and (3) dentin adhesive (Prime&Bond NT) with a packable composite (Surefil). The molars were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the application of chlorhexidine-based cavity disinfectant (Consepsis). Standard restoration blocks of 5 mm high were built up over the treated surfaces. Bond strength results were evaluated using by 1-way analysis of variance, and multiple comparisons were done via Tukey's test (P<.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the high-viscosity and resin-modified GIC and composite showed the highest bond strength values on both dentin surfaces. The distribution of failure modes between the high-viscosity and resin-modified GICs were mostly cohesive where adhesive failures were noted significantly in the composite. Conclusion: Using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate did not interfere with the microtensile bond strength of glass ionomer cements and composite

Association of maternal-child characteristics as a factor in early childhood caries and salivary bacterial counts

PubMed ID: 16948372The aim of this study was to investigate the caries-related microorganisms in saliva and the prevalence of Early childhood caries (ECC) in 15- to 35-month-old Turkish children and their associations with the characteristics of the mothers, socioeconomic criteria, and feeding habits of the children. Methods: Saliva samples of 101 children were studied to determine the numbers of Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli, and Candida albicans. A questionnaire regarding the characteristics of the mothers, socioeconomic criteria, and feeding habits of the children was carried out before the dental examinations of the mother-child pairs. Results: The regression analyses revealed DMFS scores of the mothers as an impact factor for the children's caries experience. The prolonged usage of feeding bottle with sweetened milk, pacifier use, and maternal sharing were strongly associated with the colonization of S mutans, lactobacilli, and C albicans, respectively. A significant correlation was also found between maternal education and S mutans. Conclusion: Data indicated that the mother's DMFS scores, education, and feeding habits were strong risk indicators for the colonization of caries-related micro-organisms and ECC

Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants

WOS: 000183478400006PubMed ID: 12801290Aim To compare the antibacterial properties and toxicity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl),2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate plus 0.2% cetrimide (Cetrexidin(R); Vebas, San Giuliano, Milan, Italy). Methodology The antibacterial effects of the irrigants in vitro were examined after 5 min and 48 h in freshly extracted human teeth with single roots, whose canals were infected by Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. In a separate in vivo study, bacterial culture samples were collected before treatment from the infected root canals of deciduous teeth containing necrotic pulp tissue. Irrigants were used to clean the canals which were then left empty for 48 h. Aerobic/facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth were compared before and 48 h after irrigation. Finally, the toxic effects of the irrigants were assessed by injecting them into the subcutaneous tissues of rats. The inflammatory reactions that occurred 2 h, 48 h and 2 weeks after the injections were evaluated. Results In the laboratory study, the 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and Cetrexidin(R) were significantly more effective on E. faecalis than the 5.25% NaOCl at 5 min (P < 0.05). Similarly, in the in vivo study, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and Cetrexidin(R) were significantly more effective on anaerobic bacteria than the 5.25% NaOCl at 48 h (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks, the toxicity of the NaOCl solution was greater than that of the other irrigants (P < 0.05). Conclusions Cetrexidin(R) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate were more effective, and had more residual antibacterial effects and lower toxicity than 5.25% NaOCI solution