Surface charge of a flat superconducting slab in the Meissner state

The electrostatic potential in the flat superconducting slab is evaluated in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory extended by Bardeen to low temperatures. For magnetic fields below B_c1, we discuss the formation of a surface charge induced by the Bernoulli potential of the suppercurrents.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

The complex interaction between Global Production Networks, Digital Information Systems and International Knowledge Transfers

Traditionally many studies of knowledge in economics have focused on localized networks and intra-regional collaborations. However, the rising frequency by which firms collaborate within the context of global networks of production and innovation, the increasingly intricate divisions of labor involved and the extensive use of the Internet to facilitate interaction are all relatively novel trends that underline the importance of knowledge creation and flows across different locations. Focusing on this topic, the present chapter examines the complex interactions between global production networks (GPN), digital information systems (DIS) and knowledge transfers in information technology industries. It seeks to disentangle the various conduits through which different kinds of knowledge are transferred within such networks, and investigate how recent generations of DIS are affecting those knowledge transfers. The paper concludes that the dual expansion of GPN and DIS is adding new complexity to the practice of innovation: To access knowledge necessary for sustained creativity firms often have to link up with remote partners in GPN, but to be able to absorb and utilize this knowledge, they also frequently have to engage in local interactive learning processes. These local- global linkages - and the various skills necessary to operate them - are strongly interdependent, mutually reinforcing and critical for the development and maintenance of innovation-based competitiveness.

Vortex induced deformation of the superconductor crystal lattice

Deformation of the superconductor crystal lattice caused by Abrikosov vortices is formulated as a response of the elastic crystal lattice to electrostatic forces. It is shown that the lattice compression is linearly proportional to the electrostatic potential known as the Bernoulli potential. Eventual consequences of the crystal lattice deformation on the effective vortex mass are discussed.Comment: 4 pages 5 figure

A compact design for beam transport

A double-achromatic, double-focusing magnet system of very small size is described which will be used in the injection line for an undulator in a FEL experiment. Because of the double focusing no quadrupoles are needed between the dipole, which couples the electrons in the FEL cavity, and the undulator. An example will be worked out for an electron bunch of 25 MeV, 100 A which is focused on a spot of 1 mm diameter