PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY SCREENING OF AGLAIA MALABARICA SASIDH

Objective: Aglaia malabarica is an unexplored endemic forest tree belonging to the family Meliaceae. The present study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents of the leaf extract, to analyze the important secondary metabolites and to determine the antibacterial efficacy of the plant extract.Methods: Antibacterial activity was studied using agar based disc diffusion method. Four strains of bacteria were used for the antibacterial study that includes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosae, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus megaterium.Results: The presence of constituents like, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids were confirmed. Saponin was found to be absent. The secondary metabolites quantified were terpenoids, phenols and flavanoids, which were found in considerable amounts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the bacteria studied was found to be 500 µg methanolic leaf extract.Conclusion: The plant extract was found to be highly potent against both the Gram positive and Gram negative strains and this property may be attributed to the potent phytochemicals revealed in the extract

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLE FROM PASSIFLORA FOETIDA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: Development of green nanotechnology is generating interest of researchers toward eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Inthis study, biosynthesis of stable copper (Cu) NPs was done using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract.Materials and Methods: First, we prepared leaf extract of Passiflora foetida in deionized water. This extract added to 20 mMol of Cu sulfate solution, and we observed the change in color of the solution from colorless to colored solution; this indicates that there is a formation of CuNPs.Results: These biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized with the help of ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis of synthesized CuNPs showed the maximum absorbance at 350 nm indicating the presence of biosynthesized CuNPs in the reaction mixture.Conclusion: It was observed that the P. foetida leaf extract can reduce Cu ions into CuNPs within 8-10 minutes of reaction time. Thus, this method canbe used for rapid and eco-friendly biosynthesis of stable CuNPs.Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, Passiflora foetida, Copper sulfate, Biosynthesis

BIOREDUCTION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM AQUEOUS STEM EXTRACT OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS AND BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS.

Objective: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the stem extract of the Catharanthus roseus (L.) plant using the green method. Theextract from the stem of C. roseus plant was obtained using standard dry powder extraction method. The colorless silver nitrate solution was changedinto brown color after the addition of stem extract indicates the formation of AgNPs. The chemical compounds present in the stem extract wereacting as a reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. Methods: The AgNPs were analyzed with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer for initialconfirmation. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals such as carbohydrate, phenoliccompounds, flavonoids, saponin. and alkaloids which were responsible for both reduction and stabilizing the action of the silver nanoparticles.Results: From the transmission electron microscopy analysis, it was confirmed that Ag-nanoparticles are in nanosize range between 40-50nm andare mono dispersed of particle distribution. Conclusion: From the zone of inhibition, it was confirmed that the synthesized Ag NP from the C. roseusstem was found to have a very high antimicrobial effect. From this study, it is clear that the AgNp can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, Silver nanoparticles, Anti-microbial activities

AN ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH FOR SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING Ipomoea Pes-Caprae ROOT EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES

objective: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained through green synthesis using Ipomoea pes-caprae root extract for the first time. The activebiomolecules present in the roots of I. pes-caprae, are ergoline alkaloids, indolizidine alkaloids, benzenoids and phenolic compounds act as both thereduction and stabilization of AgNPs.Methods: The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, transmissionelectron microscope (TEM).Results: A peak at 400 nm was obtained in UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs. TEM microgram confirms that AgNPs were inthe nano range and spherical in nature, the size was observed to be 50 nm.Conclusion: A higher zone of inhibition was observed in the AgNPs synthesized from the root extract of I. pes-caprae because of the active biomoleculescapped on the AgNPs that has greater efficacy against bacteria.Keywords: Ipomoea pes-caprae, Silver nanoparticles, Antimicrobial activity

ENIGMATIC INDUCTION OF CYTOMIXIS IN ALLIUM CEPA ROOT MERISTEM BY AGLAIA EDULIS ROXB. LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL RATIONALE

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the potential of Aglaia edulis Roxb. leaf extract to induce cytological aberrations in Allium cepa root meristem and to determine the phytoconstituents in the extract. Methods: Cytotoxicity evaluation of the leaf methanolic extract was done using Allium cepa assay using various concentrations. Volatile phytoconstituents in the extract were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Considerable number of cytomictic cells along with other aberrations was observed. The occurrence of cytomixis was found to be dose dependent where it ranged from 6.58±0.35 to 29.45±0.45. The percentage of cytomictic cells among the total aberrant cells was observed between 35.19±1.67 and 77.39±1.39. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extract revealed the presence of active secondary metabolites. Conclusion: The synergistic action of the active compounds might have triggered the phenomenon of cytomixis which, in turn, could be exploited for the production of polyploids

Safety of medium- to long-term glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

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