Phenotype of arginase expressing LDGs.

<p>PBMCs were isolated by density gradient from the blood of (A) one VL patient and (B) one VL/HIV patient and the phenotype of arginase-expressing cell was measured by flow cytometry. Data show the results of one representative experiment out of 8 independent experiments for the VL patients and 5 independent experiments for the VL/HIV patients.</p

Arginase activity in saliva, PBMCs and plasma.

<p>The activity of arginase was measured by enzymatic assay in (A) Saliva (VL patients: n = 16, VL/HIV patients: n = 13), (B) PBMCs (VL patients: n = 14, VL/HIV patients: n = 13) and (C) plasma (VL patients: n = 14, VL/HIV patients: n = 13). The straight line represents the median. NS = not significant.</p

Liver and kidney functions assays.

<p>GOT = glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, GPT = Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, ALP = Alkaline phosphatase, BUN = blood urea nitrogen.</p

BMI and upper arm circumference.

<p>(A) Measurements of BMI (VL patients: n = 25, VL/HIV patients: n = 14) and (B) circumference of the upper arm (VL patients: n = 17, VL/HIV patients: n = 13). The straight line represents the median. NS = not significant.</p

Parasite grade in spleen and bone marrow aspirates.

<p>The parasite grade was graded from 1+ to 6+ in smears from (A) spleen (VL patients: n = 16, VL/HIV patients: n = 11) and (B) bone marrow (VL patients: n = 10, VL/HIV patients: n = 3). The straight line represents the median.</p