Evaluation of the application opportunities of precision livestock farming (PLF) for water buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) breeding: SWOT analysis

The use of technology in agriculture is increasing daily with the development of technology in all areas. With the help of PLF (precision livestock farming) technologies and efficient use of inputs, economic, environmentally friendly, and better-quality products are obtained. Significantly its use in dairy cattle is increasing daily, contributing to sustainable milk production in both economic and ecological terms. As the demand increased in the world for water buffalo meat, milk, and dairy products, different breeding systems have been applied for more and higher-quality production purposes. This way the number of water buffalo farms breeding in intensive conditions is increasing. It is necessary to investigate the possibilities of using PLF technologies, which are still widespread in dairy cattle, in water buffalo breeding, and to benefit from the advanced technology in this regard. This study aims to discuss the applicability of PLF technologies by surveying buffalo breeders. With the data obtained from the survey results made with the water buffalo breeders, the strengths, opportunities, threats, and effects of the weaknesses were discussed with the SWOT analysis.</p

Use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) to Manage Extensive Sheep Farming and Pasture Land

The terrestrial climate is not sufficient to produce enough food to meet the roughage needs of the animals benefiting from the pasture lands because of excessive and early grazing of those areas. Plant growth is adversely affected in pastures that are not uniformly grazed. Tracking animals using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very important factor in determining the uniform distribution of grazing animals in a pasture, increasing the utilization rate of the pasture, and saving costs and time. With GPS tracking systems, establishing more effective pasture-use systems by monitoring the feeding regimes of small animals, the status of feed in the pasture, and the grazing behavior of the animals would be possible. The present study aimed to investigate the use of GPS for pasture and herd management in Turkey in addition to using the traditional techniques.In the present study conducted in the village of Köseyusuflu in Yozgat Province in May 2017, 2018, and 2019, grazing benefits that were determined from the pasture containing two Akkaraman sheep herds were recorded using GPS tracking devices. The results suggested that the area covered with vegetation along the sheep’s spring grazing routes varied between 43.6 and 62.9%, the ratio of legumes in the pasture grass in the low grazing areas was between 0.50 and 4.10%, and the grass species were between 12.75 and 44.50%. We determined that the sheep in herd A traveled between 7.6 and 9.9 km, while the sheep in herd B traveled between 4.7 and 5.7 km daily, and the two herds grazed an average of between 122 and 254 daa