The effect of different times collecting cutting and auxin treatments of the rooting in Platanus orientalis L. (oriental plane tree - cinar)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different times of collection of cuttings and different auxins (IBA-NAA) concentrations on the propagation of Platanus orientalis L. by cutting. Rooting (%), the number of roots per cutting and primary root length were seen, the best results obtained in November, December and October, respectively. In addition, relatively lower values were determined during spring (March and April) and summer (June and July) periods. On the other hand, it was found out that auxin applications were not effective on rooting of cuttings

Germination Methods and Characteristics of Endemic Centaurea olympica DC. Koch Grown in Cultural Conditions

The most suitable generative production method was selected in this work by applying different treatments to endemic Centaurea olympica seeds. The development performance and adaptation ability of the species in natural and cultural conditions (in the natural population, in pots and in the garden) were determined, with the goal to protect the species under ex situ conservation. The growth performance of the plant was monitored, and its ornamental plant potential was evaluated. The obtained data were compared with the data from the natural population. All morphological and phenological observations showed that the species can easily adapt to cultural conditions. For 2 months in the summer period, it is a lilac-flowered herbaceous plant that can be preferred for gardens with increasing number of shoots and flowers in parallel with its development. Among the different pretreatments applied to the seeds of the species, the highest germination percentage (73.5%) and germination speed (T50=8 days) was found with 600 ppm GA3 treatment for 24 h after cold-wet stratification at 4 °C for 3 months. The appropriate germination temperature was determined as 20 °C

Germination Methods and Characteristics of Endemic Centaurea olympica DC. Koch Grown in Cultural Conditions

The most suitable generative production method was selected in this work by applying different treatments to endemic Centaurea olympica seeds. The development performance and adaptation ability of the species in natural and cultural conditions (in the natural population, in pots and in the garden) were determined, with the goal to protect the species under ex situ conservation. The growth performance of the plant was monitored, and its ornamental plant potential was evaluated. The obtained data were compared with the data from the natural population. All morphological and phenological observations showed that the species can easily adapt to cultural conditions. For 2 months in the summer period, it is a lilac-flowered herbaceous plant that can be preferred for gardens with increasing number of shoots and flowers in parallel with its development. Among the different pretreatments applied to the seeds of the species, the highest germination percentage (73.5%) and germination speed (T50=8 days) was found with 600 ppm GA3 treatment for 24 h after cold-wet stratification at 4 °C for 3 months. The appropriate germination temperature was determined as 20 °C

Optimal germination methods, ornamental plant features, and ex situ conservation of endemic Campanula grandis Fisch & C.A. Mey

This study aimed to investigate the ornamental utilization, two-year growth performance in natural habitat and cultural conditions, generative production methods, and morphologic and phenologic plant properties of Campanula grandis, which is an endemic species demonstrating ornamental plant potential and needs ex-situ conservation and cultivation. In addition, the germination and growth performance of seeds collected in the new season was compared with seeds that were kept for one year. Seeds stored dry for 3 months at 4 °C and then treated with 200 ppm GA3 exhibited the highest germination percentage (76%). Furthermore, GA3 treated seeds had best germination speed, shortening the germination time. This study also identified the ideal temperature for germination as 20 °C for the best germination rate. It was revealed that the number of flowers on the plant in natural habitat was 48 while in cultural conditions it was found as 165 flowers in biennial plants. The seedlings were planted in an ex-situ collection garden established for placing the Campanula grandis species under conservation. The Campanula grandis species has the potential for use as an ornamental plant for landscaping applications due to its lengthy flowering period, vigorous second-year stem growth, and numerous, enormous, flamboyant, blue-purple, and bell-shaped flowers

SARIZEYBEK ÇALISININ (Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link) GEL??ME PERFORMANSI VE SÜS B?TK?S? ÖZELL?KLER?N?N BEL?RLENMES?

Son yıllarda sorunlu alanlarda toprak stabilizasyonu ve bitkilendirme çalışmalarında özellikli bitki materyallerine ihtiyaç duyulmaya başlanmıştır. Ülkemiz ihtiyaç duyulan bu bitki materyali açısından çok zengindir. Doğal bitki materyalimizin özelliklerinin ve üretim yöntemlerinin tanımlanması ve üretime alınması zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma ile ülkemiz florasında doğal olarak yetişen ve potansiyel süs bitkisi özelliliği yüksek olan sarızeybek çalısının (Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link) iki farklı sıcaklık derecesinde tohum çimlenme oranlarının saptanması, farklı amaçlı kullanımlar için, doğal koşullarda ve deneme alanında süs bitkisi özelliklerinin, kültür koşullarında bitki gelişme performanslarının ve iki yıllık fidan gelişim performanslarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Tetrazolium çözeltisinde yapılan canlılık testlerinde, tohum canlılık oranı %91.5 bulunmuştur. 10°C ve 20°C sıcaklıklarda petrilerde kontrollü koşullarda çimlenme yüzdeleri, 60 gün sonunda 10°C'de %5.67 ve 20°C'de %30.50 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sarızeybek çalısı doğal ortamlarında 190 cm boy ve 136 cm taç genişliğine ulaşabilmektedir. 1-11 adedi çiçekli, 3-39 cm çiçek başağı olan, 5-120 cm uzunluğunda, 135 adet yıllık sürgün oluşturmaktadır. Deneme alanında bitkiler 2 yılın sonunda bitki başına ortalama; 28.44 mm gövde çapına, 72.07 cm kök uzunluğuna, 87.53 cm kök çapı genişliğine, 412.87 g yaş kök ağırlığına, 158.93 cm ana dal uzunluğuna, 459.67 adet toplam dal sayısına, 11789.80 cm bitki başına toplam dal uzunluğuna, 26.36 cm ortalama tek dal uzunluğuna, 593.60 g yaş taç ağırlığına ulaşmışlardır. Sarızeybek çalısının fidan yetiştiriciliğinde killi tınlı, tuzlu, hafif asit, kireçsiz, organik maddesi iyi, alınabilir fosforu yeterli, değişebilir potasyumu düşük olan harç karışımlarında en iyi ve hızlı gelişim sağlanmaktadırIn recent years, the necessity to use of some special plants for soil stabilization and planting in problematic areas were started. Turkey has rich sources of these plants. It is necessary to determinate propagation and cultivation methods of these natural plants. The aim of this study is determine the properties of the different usage purposes in natural and research area as ornamental plants, to obtain the seed germination rate in different to temperature degree, plant growing performance in cultural conditions, establish the seedling growing performance in different growing media end of the two years of heary broom (Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link.) which is naturally grown in the flora of Turkey and have got high ornamental plant fetures potentially. The viability of C. hirsutus (L.) Link seeds was obtain as 91.5%with tetrazolium viability test. The germination percentage in petri dishes under controlled conditions, at the 10°C and 20°C and end of 60 days at 10°C was 5.67%and 30.50%at 20°C, respectively. Heary broom bush can be reached to 190 cm height and 136 cm habitus width in natural environments. It can create 1-35 total annual shoots which is 5-120 cm long, has got 3-39 cm flower spikes and has got Number of 1-11 flowers every spake. Plants in the field trial at the end of 2 years per plant reached average: 28.44 mm stem diameter, 72.07 cm root length, 87.53 cm root diameter width, 412.87 g root suppy weight 158.93 cm length of the main branch, 459.67 total number of branches, 11789.80 cm total branch length of per plant, 26.36 cm average length of single branch and 593.60 g habitus suppy weight. Heary broom plants cultivation of seedlings provides well and rapid development in soil mixtures that properties clay-loam, salty, slightly acid, lime free, well organic material, available phosphorus be sufficient, low chamgeable potassiu

Nature tourism potential of the flora of Bursa

The routine lifestyle of the urban environment that are stuck in the traffic, stress, noise and built environment directs people towards the nature and natural life. Nesting life with nature and recreation in the natural environment has become the dream of everyone living in the city. The efforts of the living nature by protecting, discovering, understanding different cultures, to share local resources and returns with local people, sustainable use of local and natural resources has brought up nature tourism activities. These activities have included common objectives with the general social goals like acquisition of natural resources into the economy, raising living standards of rural people, tourism areas, activities and revenues diversification and boosting. The majority of nature tourism activities are related with the natural flora. Marmara Region and especially Bursa, with its biodiversity and intensive flora, are the most important areas of our country after the Black Sea Region in terms of nature tourism. Botanical tourism, photo safari, hiking, nature watching, health tourism related to medical plants, adventure games tourism is flora connected nature tourism activities. Geographical location, rich and dense forest areas and the Uludag National Park put Bursa in a position to be the center of nature tourism. In this study, the potential of Bursa in terms of nature tourism related to flora has revealed

The Impact of Type II Diabetes on Tongue Dysplasia and p16-Related Aging Process: An Experimental Study

Objective. To evaluate the effect of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes mellitus on p16, p53, Ki67, and Bcl2 expressions and histopathological changes in the tongue of the rats. Material and Methods. Twenty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=14) as control (C) (n=8) and diabetic (DM) (n=6). The rats in the DM group were given streptozotocin as a single intraperitoneal dose for induction of diabetes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the tongue were used. Results. Significant differences were observed between the DM group and the control group in terms of epithelial thickness, length of filiform papillae, and width of filiform papillae (p=0.005, p=0.001, and p=0.006, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, capillary proliferation, and dysplasia (p=0.204, p=0.244, and p=0.204, respectively). As a result of immunohistochemical studies, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of p53, Ki67, and Bcl-2 expressions (p=0.588, p=0.662, and p=0.686, respectively). A significant difference was found between the groups when p16 expression was evaluated (p=0.006). Conclusions. In our study, streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes mellitus induced p16 expression but did not show any difference in p53, Bcl-2, and Ki67 levels. It should be considered in the studies that the pathological changes at the early stages of the relationship between DM and oral cancer may be related to p16 expression; however, it may also be linked with p16-related aging process