Fusidic acid resistance among staphylococci strains isolated from clinical specimens

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitrosusceptibility of fusidic acid to clinic isolates of staphylococci.Materials and methods: The forty-one coagulase negativestaphylococci (CNS) and 18 Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from various clinical specimens were includedin this study. Staphylococci isolates were identifiedby conventional methods such as colony morphologyonto medium, gram staining, catalase and coagulasetests. According to “Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)” criteria, antimicrobial susceptibility testingof isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusionmethod.Results: The seventy-two percent of the isolated S.aureuswere defined as methicillin sensitive-S.aureus (MSSA),28% of the isolated S.aureus were defined as methicillinresistant-S.aureus (MRSA). The difference among fusidicacid susceptibility rates of MSSA and MRSA strains wasnot statistically significant (p=0.305). The twenty-nine percentof the isolated CNS were defined as methicillin sensitive-CNS (MS-CNS), 71% of the isolated CNS were definedas methicillin resistant-CNS (MR-CNS). There wasno statistically significant difference between MS-CNSand MR-CNS strains for fusidic acid susceptibility rates(p=0.490). But the difference among fusidic acid susceptibilityrates of CNS and S.aureus strains was statisticallysignificant (p<0.001). CNS strains were found more resistancethan S.aureus strains for fusidic acid.Conclusion: In this study, the resistance rates weredetected to increase for fusidic acid along with methicillinresistance. Among CNS isolates, fusidic acid resistancerates were significantly more elevated than that forS.aureus. Fusidic acid remains as an alternative in thetreatment of infections due to staphylococci

Investigation of Entamoeba histolytica in stool specimens by direct microscopic examination and ELISA in a hospital

Objectives: Stool antigen assay has been shown to be as sensitive and specific as culture with isoenzyme analysis and to outperform microscopy for the detection of E.histolytica in endemic area. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of E.histolytica by direct microscopic examination and ELISA in stool samples, comparatively.Materials and methods: Between September 2010 and May 2011, a total of 975 stool samples of patients in different age groups were sent to microbiology laboratory of Kızıltepe General Hospital. Native-Lugol method and E.histolytica-specific antigen test (Adhesin Ag, Entamoeba CELISA Path) was applied to all stool samples.Results: E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites were observed in 21 out of 975 (2.2%) stool samples examined by native-Lugol method. In addition, E.histolytica-specific antigen in 975 stool specimens was investigated by ELISA. E.histolytica-specific antigen was determined in 4 patients which had E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites at direct microscopic examination. Although at direct microscopy of 3 patients E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites not observed, E.histolytica-specific antigen was found favorable. A total of 7 (0.7%) E.histolytica specific antigen was found in the patient’s stool samples. Patients with E.histolytica-specific antigen were treated.Conclusion: E.histolytica specific antigen in stool samples should be investigated to avoid unnecessary treatment

Vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus species

The aim of the study was to investigate vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in Enterococcus species by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A hundred Enterococcus strains were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains were investigated by automated system, betalactamase production was investigated by nitrocefin disks, vancomycin resistance and HLAR were investigated by gradient diffusion method (GDM) and disk diffusion method, respectively. For detection of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) genes, polymerase chain reaction was used. Teicoplanin linezolid, vancomycin, ampicillin, penicillin are the most susceptible antibiotics and strains were detected not to produce beta lactamase. Vancomycin resistance was detected in ten isolates by automated system and in only five isolates by GDM. Five isolates carrying VanA gene were determined. The ratio of HLGR and high-level streptomycin resistance was found 40 and 63% respectively. aac (6’)-1eaph (2’’)-1a gene was detected in 58% of strains. E. faecium strains were found more resistant to the antibiotics than the other species. Beta lactamase was detected in none of strains. The automated system detected vancomycin resistance in more strains than GDM. Therefore it is concluded that strains, which were detected to be resistant to vancomycin, should be confirmed by GDM. The ratio of VanA gene in strains is consistent with other studies. The HLAR ratio was found in about half of strains. The ratio of aac(6’)-1e-aph(2’’)-1a gene, which is the most reported gene in our country and other countries and one of the HLGR genes investigated in our study, was detected 58%

Bölgemizden izole edilen helicabacter pylori suşlarının moleküler epidemiyolojik özelliklerinin tespiti

TEZ7552Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2009.Kaynakça (s.111-131) var.xiii, 132 s. ; 29 cm.Background and aims: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a gastric pathogen that chronically infects more than half of the world's population and the major cause of neoplastic and inflammatory gastroduodenal diseases of the stomach. It has been proposed that the complex interactions between the bacterial and host genetic factors, along with environmental factors, play a significant role in determining the differential clinical outcome among various individuals. Many bacterial virulence genes, including the pathogenicity island cagA, the s1m1 vacA alleles, babA2, sabA and oipA, have been associated with a higher degree of gastric mucosal inflammation. The immune system also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases by regulating intensity of the inflammatory response to H.pylori infection. Some biallelic polymorphisms have been reported in IL1B, all representing Cytosine/Timine base transition at positions 511 and 31 from the transcriptional initiation site and IL-RN*2 polymorphisms which are related with gastric inflamation degree. However, the results of epidemiological studies on the association of IL1B polymorphisms with düodenal ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer in different populations are conflicting. The current study evaluated the role of cytokine gene (IL-1B, IL-1RN) polymorphisms and bacterial virulance markers on develolepment gastrointesinal diseases during H.pylori infection in the Cukurova region.Giriş ve Amaç: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), kronik olarak dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlasını enfekte eden ve midede neoplastik ve inflamatuar gastroduodenal hastalıkların major nedeni olan bir gastrik patojendir. Bakteri ve konak genetik faktörleri ile çevresel faktörler arasındaki kompleks etkileşimlerin, kişilerdeki farklı klinik sonuçların belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynadıkları düşünülmektedir. cagA patojenite adası, s1m1 vacA alleleri, babA2, sabA ve oipA'yı içeren birçok bakteriyel virulans genleri, yüksek derecede mukozal inflamasyonla ilişkilidir. Aynı zamanda immün sistem de, H.pylori enfeksiyonuna inflamatuar cevabın yoğunluğunu düzenleyerek gastroduodenal hastalıkların patogenezinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. IL- 1B'da traskripsiyon başlangıç bölgesinden 511. ve 31. pozisyonlarda, hepsi Sitozin/Timin baz transizyonu sergileyen bazı biallelik polimorfizmler ile gastrik inflamasyonun derecesiyle ilişkili IL-RN2 polimorfizmleri bildirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte farklı popülasyonlarda duodenal ülser, gastrit ve gastrik kanserle IL-1B polimorfizminin ilişkisiyle ilgili epidemiyolojik çalışmaların sonuçları bazı çelişkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Çukurova bölgesinde, sitokin gen polimorfizmlerinin (IL-1B, IL- 1RN) ve bakteriyel virulans markerlarının H.pylori enfeksiyonu süresince gastrointestinal hastalıkların gelişimindeki rolünü araştırmak için yapılmıştır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:TF2007YTP

Nanomedicine, microarrays and their applications in clinical microbiology

Growing interest in the future medical applications of nanotechnology is leading to the emergence of a new scientific field that called as “nanomedicine”. Nanomedicine may be defined as the investigating, treating, reconstructing and controlling human biology and health at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures. Microarray technology is a revolutionary tool for elucidating roles of genes in infectious diseases, shifting from traditional methods of research to integrated approaches. This technology has great potential to provide medical diagnosis, monitor treatment and help in the development of new tools for infectious disease prevention and/or management. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current application of microarray platforms and nanomedicine in the study of experimental microbiology and the impact of this technology in clinical settings

Bir devlet hastanesindeki klinik örneklerden izole edilen stafilokok suşlarında fusidik asit direnci

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik örneklerden izole edilen stafilokok suşlarında fusidik asidin in vitro etkinliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 41 koagülaz negatif stafilokok (KNS) izolatı ile 18 Staphylococcus aureus suşu dahil edildi. Stafilokok izolatları besiyeri yüzeyindeki koloni morfolojisi, gram boyama, katalaz ve koagülaz testleri gibi konvansiyonel yöntemlerle identifiye edildi. İzolatların antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları “Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)” önerileri doğrultusunda Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak çalışıldı. Bulgular: İzole edilen S.aureus suşlarının % 72’si metisiline duyarlı (MSSA), % 28’i metisiline dirençli (MRSA) olarak tanımlandı. MSSA ve MRSA suşlarının fusidik asit duyarlılık oranları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0.305). İzole edilen KNS’lerin % 29’u metisiline duyarlı (MS-KNS), % 71’i metisiline dirençli (MRKNS) olarak tanımlandı. MR-KNS ve MS-KNS suşlarının fusidik asit duyarlılık oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0.490). Ancak, KNS ve S.aureus suşlarının fusidik asit duyarlılık oranları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.001). KNS suşları fusidik aside S.aureus suşlarından daha fazla dirençli bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, metisilin direnci ile birlikte fusidik aside karşı da direnç gelişiminde artış olduğu gözlendi. KNS izolatları arasındaki fusidik aside direnç oranları S.aureus suşlarına göre önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fusidik asit stafilokoklara bağlı enfeksiyonların tedavisinde hala bir alternatif olarak durmaktadır.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro susceptibility of fusidic acid to clinic isolates of staphylococci. Materials and methods: The forty-one coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and 18 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical specimens were included in this study. Staphylococci isolates were identified by conventional methods such as colony morphology onto medium, gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests. According to “Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)” criteria, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method. Results: The seventy-two percent of the isolated S.aureus were defined as methicillin sensitive-S.aureus (MSSA), 28% of the isolated S.aureus were defined as methicillin resistant-S.aureus (MRSA). The difference among fusidic acid susceptibility rates of MSSA and MRSA strains was not statistically significant (p=0.305). The twenty-nine percent of the isolated CNS were defined as methicillin sensitive- CNS (MS-CNS), 71% of the isolated CNS were defined as methicillin resistant-CNS (MR-CNS). There was no statistically significant difference between MS-CNS and MR-CNS strains for fusidic acid susceptibility rates (p=0.490). But the difference among fusidic acid susceptibility rates of CNS and S.aureus strains was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). CNS strains were found more resistance than S.aureus strains for fusidic acid. Conclusion: In this study, the resistance rates were detected to increase for fusidic acid along with methicillin resistance. Among CNS isolates, fusidic acid resistance rates were significantly more elevated than that for S.aureus. Fusidic acid remains as an alternative in the treatment of infections due to staphylococci

Comparison of Two Different Primer Sets Used for Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Gastric Tissues

WOS: 000283186700006Objective: H.pylori infection is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Its prevalence has been estimated to range from 40 to 80% and it varies widely by geographic area, age, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Since culture methods for isolation of H.pylori in gastric biopsy specimens were insensitive, time consuming and cumbersome, molecular methods for detection and typing of H.pylori are gaining importance. Many PCR methods have been developed to detect the organism directly in clinical specimens. The targets of these PCR methods include the 16S rRNA gene, the random chromosome sequence, the 26-kDa species-specific antigen (SSA) gene, the urease A (ureA) gene, and the phosphoglucosamine mutase (glmM) gene, formerly named urease C (ureC) gene. The aim of present study was to compared the sensitivities of two different PCR methods based on ureA and ureC for the detection of H.pylori in gastric biopsy specimens. Material and Methods: In our study, genomic DNA of 220 gastric biopsi samples (110 antral, 110 corpus) were extracted with QIAGEN tissue kit and H.pylori target genes (ureA and ureC) were amplified by PCR. Results: H.pylori ureC and ureA genes were found in 80.5 and 71.8 percent of biopsy samples respectively. Conclusion: It appears that ureC based-PCR is a useful primary tool to detect and is distinguish H. pylori strains from gastric biopsy specimens and it is superior to ureA based-PCR

Prevalence and Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Gastroduodenal Pathologies in the Cukurova Region of Turkey▿

The effects of Helicobacter pylori genotypes on clinical prognosis in the Cukurova region of Turkey were investigated by PCR. The prevalence of type I strains carrying the s1c allele, unlike in neighboring regions and countries, was found to be significantly higher in patients with gastritis and/or gastric ulcers (P = 0.001), and that of type I strains carrying the s1a allele was found to be significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcers (P < 0.001). The cagA gene was strongly associated with the more virulent vacA genotypes (P < 0.001)