Controlling electron-electron correlation in frustrated double ionization of triatomic molecules with orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields

We demonstrate the control of electron-electron correlation in frustrated double ionization (FDI) of the two-electron triatomic molecule D3+ when driven by two orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields. We employ a three-dimensional semiclassical model that fully accounts for the electron and nuclear motion in strong fields. We analyze the FDI probability and the distribution of the momentum of the escaping electron along the polarization direction of the longer wavelength and more intense laser field. These observables, when considered in conjunction, bear clear signatures of the prevalence or absence of electron-electron correlation in FDI, depending on the time delay between the two laser pulses. We find that D3+ is a better candidate than H2 for demonstrating also experimentally that electron-electron correlation indeed underlies FDI

Variability in Physical Activity Assessed with Accelerometer Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in CHF Patients - Fig 4

<p>a) Graphic cox-regression over HFSS on 5-year all cause mortality, low risk (black), intermediate risk (blue) and high risk (red). b) Graphic cox regression on addition of Peak 3h skewness on top of HFSS-risk. Solid line denote skewness below median, dotted line denote skewness above median. Black denotes low risk, blue intermediate risk and red high risk based on calculated HFSS-score</p

Principal components analysis (PCA) and biplot of all accelerometer derived variables.

<p>Variables measuring time spent physically active/inactive are colored black whereas novel variables based on periods with high physical activity are colored blue. Patient observations are colored black for censored data (survivors) and red for mortality events. The size of each observation corresponds to time until event, i.e. large circles correspond to early event and worse prognosis. Most of the total variance is captured with the two first principal components (69.15%) and the various variables thus covary to a large extent. The absolute majority of the observations with mortality events, in particular observations with early mortality events, are closely correlated with 1, 3 and 12 h skewness and 1, 3 and 12 h kurtosis.</p

5-year all-cause mortality.

<p>5-year all-cause mortality.</p

Baseline clinical characteristics and clinical characteristics of patients with high vs. low 3 h skewness.

<p>Baseline clinical characteristics and clinical characteristics of patients with high vs. low 3 h skewness.</p

Asymmetric cellular responses in primary human myoblasts using sera of different origin and specification

<div><p>For successful growth and maintenance of primary myogenic cells <i>in vitro</i>, culture medium and addition of sera are the most important factors. At present it is not established as to what extent sera of different origin and composition, supplemented in media or serum-free media conditions influence myoblast function and responses to different stimuli. By assessing markers of proliferation, differentiation/fusion, quiescence, apoptosis and protein synthesis the aim of the current study was to elucidate how primary human myoblasts and myotubes are modulated by different commonly used serum using FCS (foetal calf serum), (CS-FCS charcoal-stripped FCS, a manufacturing process to remove hormones and growth factors from sera), HS (horse serum) as well as in serum free conditions (DMEM). To characterise the biological impact of the different serum, myoblasts were stimulated with Insulin (100 nM) and Vitamin D (100 nM; 1α,25(OH)₂D₃, 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Calcitriol), two factors with characterised effects on promoting fusion and protein synthesis or quiescence, respectively in human myoblasts/myotubes. We demonstrate that sera of different origin/formulation differentially affect myoblast proliferation and myotube protein synthesis. Importantly, we showed that quantifying the extent to which Insulin effects myoblasts <i>in vitro</i> is highly dependent upon serum addition and which type is present in the media. Upregulation of mRNA markers for myogenic fusion, Myogenin, with Insulin stimulation, relative to DMEM, appeared dampened at varying degrees with serum addition and effects on p70S6K phosphorylation as a marker of protein synthesis could not be identified unless serum was removed from media. We propose that these asymmetric molecular and biochemical responses in human myoblasts reflect the variable composition of mitogenic and anabolic factors in each of the sera. The results have implications for both the reproducibility and interpretation of results from experimental models in myoblast cells/myotubes.</p></div

Serum induced activation of p70S6K independent of Insulin action.

<p>Myoblasts were differentiated in low serum media, 2% FCS, containing DMEM-F12 GlutaMAX/1% ABAM for 5-d, forming myotubes. After 5-d myotubes were PBS washed (3 ×) and serum starved overnight in DMEM only (12 h) before exposure to DMEM-F12 GlutaMAX/1% ABAM alone (serum-free, DMEM only) or with the addition of 2% FCS, 2% CS-FCS or 2% HS containing 100nM Insulin, 100nM 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ or vehicle alone for 4 h and protein lysates collected. FCS and HS are sufficiently anabolic such that impact of Insulin treatment on p70S6K phosphorylation cannot be determined unless serum is removed, DMEM only. * P<0.05) from DMEM Control and Vitamin D. × exclusion of n = 1 outlier. For all other from n = 6 blots.</p

Hierarchical clustering of serum and treatment interaction.

<p>a) Dendrogram illustrating hierarchical clustering of all observations based on the position along the principal component 1, 2 and 3. The cutting of the dendrogram identifies four clusters of observations based on their mutual ardency on the PCA; b and c) Visualisation of the 4 clusters on the original bi-plot.</p

Serum induced activation of p70S6K independent of Insulin action.

<p>Myoblasts were differentiated in low serum media, 2% FCS, containing DMEM-F12 GlutaMAX/1% ABAM for 5-d, forming myotubes. After 5-d myotubes were PBS washed (3 ×) and serum starved overnight in DMEM only (12 h) before exposure to DMEM-F12 GlutaMAX/1% ABAM alone (serum-free, DMEM only) or with the addition of 2% FCS, 2% CS-FCS or 2% HS containing 100nM Insulin, 100nM 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ or vehicle alone for 4 h and protein lysates collected. FCS and HS are sufficiently anabolic such that impact of Insulin treatment on p70S6K phosphorylation cannot be determined unless serum is removed, DMEM only. * P<0.05) from DMEM Control and Vitamin D. × exclusion of n = 1 outlier. For all other from n = 6 blots.</p

Loadings on the principal components for the different biomarkers.

<p>Loadings on the principal components for the different biomarkers.</p