Ebola virus disease and HAT treatment centers spatial distribution.

<p>This figure shows the spatial distribution of Ebola virus disease (EVD) incidence with both EVD and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) treatment centers and newly diagnosed HAT cases during the study period (before and during Ebola outbreak) in coastal Guinea. *HAT: Human African Trypanosomiasis. ¥ Before Ebola: from Feb.2012 to Dec.2013. § During Ebola: from Jan.2014 to Oct.2015.</p

Impact of Ebola outbreak on HAT testing and caring activities in Guinea, January 2012 to October 2015.

<p>This panel figure displays: (A) Monthly evolution of the number of persons diagnosed during active campaigns by HAT treatment center; (B) Monthly evolution of the number of persons tested passively by HAT treatment center (and as from 2014 corresponding district); (C) Monthly evolution of the number of persons initiating therapy by HAT treatment center; (D) Monthly evolution of the number of persons initiating HAT therapy according to the type of screening; (E) Monthly evolution of the number of persons initiating HAT therapy by disease stage at diagnosis (F) Monthly evolution of the number of persons attending 3 months post-treatment follow-up visit. HAT: Human African Trypanosomiasis: *Passive routine testing data were available only between January 2014 and October 2015. **All post-treatment follow-up visits were centralized at the Dubreka center whatever the place where the patients received HAT therapy (Dubreka, Boffa or Forecariah HAT centers).</p

Timeline of the Ebola epidemic and HAT control activities.

<p>This figure shows in parallel the main events of the Ebola epidemic and of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control activities between October 2013 and April 2016.</p

Passive screening and patients treated for HAT

Passive screening database, HAT treated patients database, thesaurus, data used for the article figures 3A to 3F

Quantiferon-TB Gold: Performance for Ruling out Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults with High CD4 Count in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To assess the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test for active tuberculosis (TB) in HIV adults, and its variation over time in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and/or isoniazide preventive therapy (IPT).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Transversal study and cohort nested in the Temprano ANRS 12136 randomized controlled trial assessing benefits of initiating ART earlier than currently recommended by World Health Organization, with or without a 6-month IPT. Performance of QFT-GIT for detecting active TB at baseline in the first 50% participants, and 12-month incidence of conversion/reversion in the first 25% participants were assessed. QFT-GIT threshold for positivity was 0.35 IU/ml.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among the 975 first participants (median baseline CD4 count 383/mm³, positive QFT-GIT test 35%), 2.7% had active TB at baseline. QFT-GIT sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for active TB were 88.0%, 66.6%, 6.5% and 99.5%. For the 444 patients with a second test at 12 months, rates for conversion and reversion were 9.3% and 14%. Reversion was more frequent in patients without ART and younger patients. IPT and early ART were not associated with reversion/conversion.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A negative QFT-GIT could rule out active TB in HIV-infected adults not severely immunosuppressed, thus avoiding repeated TB testing and accelerating diagnosis and care for other diseases.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT00495651" target="_blank">NCT00495651</a>.</p></div

Distribution of QuantiFERON TB Gold in-tube test results at Day-0, by CD4 count category in patients with positive tests and with or without active tuberculosis.

<p>Box plots show median value, interquartile range, and range. <i>p</i>: Kruskal-Wallis test.</p

Flow chart.

<p>POS: Positive QuantiFERON TB Gold in-tube test; NEG: Positive QuantiFERON TB Gold in-tube test; INDET: Indeterminate QuantiFERON TB Gold in-tube test.</p

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among prison inmates: A cross-sectional survey at the Correctional and Detention Facility of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

<div><p>Background</p><p>In Côte d’Ivoire, a TB prison program has been developed since 1999. This program includes offering TB screening to prisoners who show up with TB symptoms at the infirmary. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary TB among inmates at the Correctional and Detention Facility of Abidjan, the largest prison of Côte d’Ivoire, 16 years after this TB program was implemented.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Between March and September 2015, inmates, were screened for pulmonary TB using systematic direct smear microscopy, culture and chest X-ray. All participants were also proposed HIV testing. TB was defined as either confirmed (positive culture), probable (positive microscopy and/or chest X-ray findings suggestive of TB) or possible (signs or symptoms suggestive of TB, no X-Ray or microbiological evidence). Factors associated with confirmed tuberculosis were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among the 943 inmates screened, 88 (9.3%) met the TB case definition, including 19 (2.0%) with confirmed TB, 40 (4.2%) with probable TB and 29 (3.1%) with possible TB. Of the 19 isolated TB strains, 10 (53%) were TB drug resistant, including 7 (37%) with multi-resistance. Of the 10 patients with TB resistant strain, only one had a past history of TB treatment. HIV prevalence was 3.1% overall, and 9.6%among TB cases. Factors associated with confirmed TB were age ≥30 years (Odds Ratio 3.8; 95% CI 1.1–13.3), prolonged cough (Odds Ratio 3.6; 95% CI 1.3–9.5) and fever (Odds Ratio 2.7; 95% CI 1.0–7.5).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In the country largest prison, pulmonary TB is still 10 (confirmed) to 44 times (confirmed, probable or possible) as frequent as in the Côte d’Ivoire general population, despite a long-time running symptom-based program of TB detection. Decreasing TB prevalence and limiting the risk of MDR may require the implementation of annual in-cell TB screening campaigns that systematically target all prison inmates.</p></div

Tuberculosis cases.

<p>Tuberculosis cases.</p

Factors associated with confirmed tuberculosis.

<p>Factors associated with confirmed tuberculosis.</p