Additional file 2: of Prevalence of and risk factors for malaria, filariasis, and intestinal parasites as single infections or co-infections in different settlements of Gabon, Central Africa

a) Number of blood samples per site and positive results according to diagnostic methods; b) Number of stool samples per site and positive results according to diagnostic methods. (DOCX 102 kb

Repartition of antibody titer sub-groups in each epidemiological sub-group.

<p>Repartition of antibody titer sub-groups in each epidemiological sub-group.</p

Multivariate analysis with logistic regression to identify factors influencing positive serology at D0 in French imported malaria.

<p>Multivariate analysis with logistic regression to identify factors influencing positive serology at D0 in French imported malaria.</p

PfHRP2 plasma levels and parasite biomass according to clinical presentation of imported malaria.

<p>(A) Log-transformed plasma levels of PfHRP2 in the very severe malaria (VSM), moderately severe malaria (MSM) and uncomplicated malaria (UM) sub-groups. Levels of PfHRP2 were determined on 315 D0 plasma samples by ELISA. (*) corresponds to a significant difference using ANOVA test (p<0.05) and Bonferroni’s correction (p<0.016). (B) Log-transformed estimated total parasite biomass (Ptot), estimated total circulating parasite biomass (Pcirc) and estimated sequestrated parasite biomass (Pseq) respectively in the very severe malaria (VSM) (red box plot), moderately severe malaria (MSM) (orange box plot) and uncomplicated malaria (UM) groups (white box plot). Parasite biomass was estimated for 176 patients using a mathematical approach as described [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0175328#pone.0175328.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>] with quantitative plasma levels of PfHRP2 (g/L) determined by ELISA, hematocrit (%), patient body weight (kg) and parasitemia (parasites/μL) on D0 sample. Box plot represents the median [25th percentile-75th percentile] with the extreme value 10th and 90th percentile. (*) corresponds to a significant difference using ANOVA test (p<0.05) and Bonferroni’s correction (p<0.016).</p

Models of multivariate analysis with linear regression to identify factors related to PfHRP2, estimated total parasite biomass, estimated total circulating parasite biomass and estimated sequestered parasite biomass in imported malaria in France, 2010–2013.

<p>Models of multivariate analysis with linear regression to identify factors related to PfHRP2, estimated total parasite biomass, estimated total circulating parasite biomass and estimated sequestered parasite biomass in imported malaria in France, 2010–2013.</p

Boxplot analysis showing time to death by site representing median (line), interquartile range(box).

<p>Boxplot analysis showing time to death by site representing median (line), interquartile range(box).</p

Predictors for early, middle, late death in African children with severe falciparum malaria and stratified by country.

<p>Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; P = P-value.</p

Summary of the molecular and <i>in vitro</i> field studies in the four endemic countries included in the analysis (both published and unpublished).

<p>Summary of the molecular and <i>in vitro</i> field studies in the four endemic countries included in the analysis (both published and unpublished).</p

Observed data, fitted model (by logistic regression) and 95% confidence interval (shaded area) for the prevalence of the <i>pfcrt</i> 76 mutant isolates from 2000 to 2011 for travellers (red) and field studies (blue) for A-Senegal, B-Mali, C-Cote d’Ivoire and D-Cameroon.

<p>Each data point represents the prevalence of resistant isolates per year for travellers’ data and per study for field studies, where the size of the circle is proportional to the number of isolates in the sample.</p

Map of Africa illustrating the emergence of CQ resistance in East, Central and West Africa detected through travellers’ surveillance from the late 1970s to the early 1980s.

<p>The dates of detection of index cases are displayed. The red arrows show the spread of antimalarial resistance from East Africa to West Africa.</p