Kaplan-Meier curve for time from start of TB treatment to ART initiation for before and after service integration in Town 2 clinic from June 2008 to May 2009.

<p>Kaplan-Meier curve for time from start of TB treatment to ART initiation for before and after service integration in Town 2 clinic from June 2008 to May 2009.</p

Flow chart of patients included in the study in Town 2 clinic from June 2008 to May 2009.

<p>Legend: TB, tuberculosis; ART, antiretroviral treatment; TFO, transferred out; LTFU, lost to follow-up.</p

Sensitivity analyses and assumptions of different models in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

<p>Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of ART initiation after integration compared to before integration in alternative Cox proportional hazards models. The baseline model is the one presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046988#pone-0046988-t002" target="_blank">table 2</a> and includes the following variables: gender, age, CD4 count and previous TB initiation. SA, Sensitivity analysis; (n), number; <b>SA 1</b>: inclusion of the variables TB classification (pulmonary TB; extra-pulmonary TB; both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB) and TB patient category (new TB case; re-treatment TB case) into the model; <b>SA 2</b>: exclusion of patients transferred in from other TB services; <b>SA 3</b>: exclusion of patients with unknown exact ART initiation date during TB treatment; <b>SA 4</b>: patients with unknown exact ART initiation date during TB treatment assumed to have initiated ART in the middle of TB treatment; <b>SA 5</b>: categorization of continues variables (age, sex, TB Rx start outside of clinic); <b>SA 6:</b> only patients with CD4 cell counts ≤200 considered as according to national guidelines.</p

Baseline characteristics of TB/HIV co-infected patients included in the study in Town 2 clinic from June 2008 to May 2009.

<p>TB Rx, TB treatment; IQR, interquartile range. *In clinic: TB treatment initiated in study clinic; outside clinic: number of days of TB treatment received in referral clinic before TB registration and treatment continuation in the study clinic.</p

Roles of health staff in Town 2 clinic after TB/HIV service integration.

<p>Model of care as it was implemented in Town 2 clinic in December 2008.</p

Cox proportional hazards models for the effect of TB/HIV integration and baseline covariates on time to ART.

<p>cHR, crude Hazard Ratio; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted Hazard Ratio;</p>*<p>The number of days that TB treatment was received in referral clinics before TB registration and treatment continuation in the study clinic. After adjusting for gender, age, CD4 count and previous TB initiation, patients were 60% more likely to initiate ART after service integration.</p

Smoothed hazard of loss to follow-up before and after ascertainment of vital status.

<p>Smoothed hazard estimates for loss to follow-up (LTF) before (A) and after (B) correction for mortality. Before ascertainment of vital status the hazard of LTF decreased over time on ART; after correcting LTF for mortality, the hazard of true LTF increased with time on ART.</p

Patient characteristics at initiation of ART.

<p>ART, antiretroviral treatment; LTF, Lost to follow-up; IQR, interquartile range; PMTCT, prevention of mother to child transmission; TB, tuberculosis; AZT, zidovudine; 3TC, lamivudine; NVP, nevirapine; D4T, stavudine; EFV, efavirenz. </p><p>* All patients not lost to follow-up, including deaths occurring within 3 months after loss to follow-up;</p><p>** Patients lost to follow-up with available civil identification number who were alive 3 months after being lost.</p

Cumulative probability of LTF before and after correction for mortality.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative probability of loss to follow-up (LTF) before and after correction for mortality by ascertainment of vital status of patients lost to follow-up through the national vital registration system. Routine monitoring overestimated LTF by 4% at 5 years on ART (23.9 vs. 19.7%).</p

Cumulative probability of true LTF by year of initiation on ART.

<p>Weighted Kaplan-Meier estimates of true LTF by year of initiation on ART. True LTF increased and occurred earlier with each calendar year, as enrolment on ART increased.</p