Time course.

<p>A hypothetical time course where a host becomes positive at (unobserved) time <i>t</i>₁, after having become negative at some time (<i>t</i>₀) before the first observation, and returns to negative status at time <i>t</i>₂. Observations occur at times <i>T</i>₀, <i>T</i>₁, <i>T</i>₂, <i>T</i>₃, <i>T</i>₄, and <i>T</i>₅, with outcomes 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, and 0 respectively.</p

Carrier states.

<p>State diagram of the two possible states and transitions among these states. The waiting time <i>τ</i> in state 0 has probability density <i>f</i>₀(<i>τ</i>) and in state 1 the waiting time distribution is <i>f</i>₁(<i>τ</i>).</p

Storage profiles for meat products at the consumers home.

<p>Storage profiles for meat products at the consumers home.</p

Parameter estimates.

<p>Parameter estimates.</p

Food animal—specific EEC load.

<p>Shown is the load at the start (before any treatment), at retail (after possible preretail treatment), after storage at the consumer and after preparation at the consumer (= at the moment of consumption). The loads refer to the total meat consumption by the whole Dutch population in a year. All Mutton/lamb values (marker X) are zero and inserted arbitrarily at the Y-axis 1E+06 value.</p

Sensitivity analysis results.

<p>Effect of 10-fold changes in parameter base values on total exposure (No. EEC) and food animal-specific attribution of exposure. P = preretail, S = storage, H = consumer heating, conc = concentration, cat = category, frac = fraction, cc = cross-contamination.</p

Contribution of food animals to the exposure of humans to EEC through meat at the moment of consumption.

<p>Contribution of food animals to the exposure of humans to EEC through meat at the moment of consumption.</p

Rates of state change by gene and strain.

<p>Estimates of the rates for state change 0 → 1 (acquire carriership) and 1 → 0 (lose carriership) by ESBL/pAmpC gene–<i>E. coli</i> MLST type combination, among the longitudinal study participants. Note the different scales for acquirement and loss of carriership.</p

Pre-retail categories.

<p>Pre-retail categories.</p

Heating profiles for food products at the consumers’ home.

<p>Heating profiles for food products at the consumers’ home.</p