Taxonomic synonymies from different published sources of mosquito species occurring on Mayotte and belonging to the tribe Aedini.

<p>Taxonomic synonymies from different published sources of mosquito species occurring on Mayotte and belonging to the tribe Aedini.</p

Mean species and genera richness in the different habitat types of Mayotte mosquitoes.

<p>The habitat types are listed by increasing species richness rank. The most frequent species are recorded as significant if present in more than 20% of samples for a larval habitat type.</p

Diagrammatic representation of the known distribution of the 44 mosquito species occurring on Mayotte.

<p>Four species are considered as endemic to Mayotte and three others endemic to the greater Comoros Archipelago. Most species occur on Madagascar and the African continent, and of biogeographic interest, 10 are shared with Madagascar and one with the African continent. <i>Culex</i> sp. A is not listed as its specific identification needs further documentation (see Text S1). Species are listed in alphabetic order.</p

Correspondence analysis for the 18 main types of larval habitats <i>vs.</i> the 27 principally collected mosquito species.

<p>Represented here are axis 1 (horizontal) and axis 3 (vertical) that explained 33.3% (22.9%+11.4%) of total variance; the scales are equal for the two graphs (grid step size = 1). The separation along axis 1 follows a temporal gradient from non-permanent (axils of banana-pineapple, taro and <i>Typhonodorum</i> plants) to permanent habitats (marsh and swamp water, water pools during the rainy season and slow flowing water). Axis 3 displays another gradient from habitats with restricted openings (crab-holes, tree-holes) to habitats with open access (mushroom caps, fallen leaf litter and snail shells).</p

Species accumulation curve for the 40 mosquito species observed on Mayotte at 420 habitats during the 2008–2012 surveys.

<p>Bars indicate two standard deviations.</p

Prospecting effort associated with larval mosquito inventories on Mayotte during the 2008–2012 surveys.

<p>In total, 420 habitats yielded mosquito collections and in certain cases, theseare in close proximity and overlap as a single point on the map.</p

Mean δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotopic values of feather mites (<i>Mb</i> and <i>Zo</i>) and host tissues (blood, feathers, preen gland oil and wing skin) from Cory´s shearwater breeding in Veneguera.

<p>Preen gland oil and wing skin were isolated from dead birds belonging to the same species and same island location. <i>Mb</i> was sampled from P4-P6 feathers and <i>Zo</i> from P9-P10. Mean δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotopic values of other ectoparasite species (three louse species: Austromenopon echinatum, Halipeurus abnormis, Saemundssonia peusi and one species of flea: Xenopsylla gratiosa) and host tissues (blood and feathers) from Cory´s shearwater taken from Gómez-Díaz and González-Solís 2010 were also included. Error bars represent standard error. For X. gratiosa and S. peusi the error bars are not shown because of the small number of samples (n = 2 and n = 1, respectively). Isotopic values were not corrected for fractionation.</p

Correlations of carbon isotopic values between each mite species (<i>Mb</i> in grey circles and <i>Zo</i> in black circles) and host blood (A), and between <i>Mb</i> and <i>Zo</i> inhabititng the same individual host (B), for 20 Cory´s shearwaters sampled in Veneguera.

<p>Correlations of carbon isotopic values between each mite species (<i>Mb</i> in grey circles and <i>Zo</i> in black circles) and host blood (A), and between <i>Mb</i> and <i>Zo</i> inhabititng the same individual host (B), for 20 Cory´s shearwaters sampled in Veneguera.</p

Distribution of <i>Mb</i> (gray) and <i>Zo</i> (black) in the ten primaries of Cory´s shearwater left wing.

<p>Feathers are ordered following their position in the wing from internal (P1) to external (P10) primary feathers. “Number of mites” represents the mean number of mites of each species per feather. The 95% confidence limits were computed by resampling using 500 bootstrapped values.</p

Mean and percentage of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values for the two feather mite species and host tissues (feathers, blood, preen gland oil and wing skin), from Cory´s shearwaters breeding in Veneguera.

<p>Values report mean and standard error (n = number of analyzed samples).</p