BABR increase energy expenditure.

<p>Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained epWAT (A) and BAT (B) sections of C57BL/6J animals treated with control or HF diet when indicated combined with colestimide or CA as specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038286#pone-0038286-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. Scale bar, 50 µm. (C) BAT analysis by transmission electron microscopy. (D) Averaged O₂ consumption (VO₂) and CO₂ production (VCO₂) as measured by indirect calorimetry in mice on the different diets as indicated. Data are expressed as the mean +/− SEM (n = 5–6). * (<i>P</i><0.05) or ** (<i>P</i><0.01) versus F.</p

Bile acid composition in the enterohepatic organs and serum.

<p>Bile acid composition in the enterohepatic organs and serum of C57BL/6J fed with high fat diet (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038286#pone-0038286-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>) after treatment with colestimide or CA. Undefined abbreviations are: G, glycol; T, tauro; CD, chenodeoxy; D, deoxy; H, hyo; HD, hyodeoxy; UD, ursodeoxy; L, litho; M, muri.</p

BA pool size and serum BA concentration in C57BL/6J mice.

<p>Ch denotes chow, F denotes HF diet, FCOL denotes HF diet+2% w/w colestimide and FB denotes HF diet+0.5% w/w CA as specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038286#pone-0038286-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>.</p><p>Data are expressed as mean +/− SEM (n = 5–6).</p>A<p><i>P</i><0.05 versus F.</p>B<p><i>P</i><0.01 versus F.</p

Gene expression in liver, BAT, muscle and ileum.

<p>(A) mRNA expression levels of <i>Cyp7a1</i>, <i>Cyp8b1, Cyp27a1, Shp</i>, <i>Fxr</i>, <i>Pgc-1α</i>, <i>Pepck</i>, <i>G6Pase</i>, <i>Srebp-2</i>, HMG-CoA reductase, LDL-Receptor, <i>Pparα</i>, <i>Acc1</i> and <i>Scd1</i> were determined using quantitative RT-PCR in liver of C57BL/6J mice treated as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038286#pone-0038286-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>. (B) mRNA expression levels of <i>D2</i>, <i>Pgc-1α</i> and <i>Ucp-1</i> in BAT. (C) <i>Pgc-1α</i> and <i>mCpt-1</i> in muscle. (D) <i>Fgf15</i> in ileum. Treatments and abbreviations are identical to those specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038286#pone-0038286-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>. Mice were fasted 4 hours before sacrifice and tissue collection. Data are expressed as the mean +/− SEM (n = 5–6). * (<i>P</i><0.05) or ** (<i>P</i><0.01) versus F.</p

BA and BABR improve metabolic control in DIO C57BL/6J mice model.

<p>(A) Body weight, food intake and TG absorption (B) Liver, epididymal WAT (epWAT), and BAT weight change of C57BL/6J mice during 96 days on different diets. Ch stands for chow, F denotes HF diet, FCOL denotes HF diet+2.0% w/w colestimide and FB denotes HF diet+0.5% w/w CA. (C) Serum levels of TG, T-C, LDL-C, glucose and insulin in C57BL/6J mice on the indicated treatments. (D) Glucose levels during OGTT and IPITT in the different treatment groups (AUC is depicted in the inset). The OGTT were performed after an overnight fast after 9 weeks of administration. Glucose was administered by gavage at a dose of 2 g/kg. The IPITT were performed after 4 h fast after 10 weeks of administration. Insulin was injected at a dose of 0.75 U/kg. Data are expressed as the mean +/− SEM (n = 5–6). * (<i>P</i><0.05) or ** (<i>P</i><0.01) versus F.</p

Changes in energy metabolism by BABR administration.

<p>Administration of BABR to animals leads to induction of bile acid synthesis and as a consequence a relative increase in CA and TCA. This translates into induced energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue, hence improving obesity and diabetes.</p