1-[4-(Iodo­meth­yl)cyclo­hex­yl]-4-methyl­benzene

In the title compound, C14H19I, the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation and the substituents are in equatorial sites. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the cyclo­hexane and benzene rings is 67.23 (13)°

Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil by Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids

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Amino Acid-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Environments

The environmental pollution of phenol-containing wastewater is an urgent problem with industrial development. Natural deep eutectic solvents provide an environmentally friendly alternation for the solvent extraction of phenol. This study synthesized a series of natural deep eutectic solvents with L-proline and decanoic acid as precursors, characterized by in situ infrared spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and differential thermogravimetric analysis. Natural deep eutectic solvents have good thermal stability. The high-efficiency extraction of phenol from wastewater by natural deep eutectic solvents was investigated under mild conditions. The effects of natural deep eutectic solvents, phenol concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on phenol extraction were studied. The optimized extraction conditions of phenol with L-prolin/decanoic acid were as follows: molar ratio, 4.2:1; reaction time, 60 min; and temperature, 50 °C. Extraction efficiency was up to 62%. The number of extraction cycles can be up to 6, and extraction rate not less than 57%. The promising results demonstrate that natural deep eutectic solvents are efficient in the field of phenolic compound extraction in wastewater

Effects of co-disposal of sludge based on TTF-type precalciner on NOx emissions

To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the co-disposal of sludge in a TTF-type precalciner, an optimized co-disposal process of a TTF-type precalciner has been implemented in a cement plant in Hebei. The model was built using ANSYS FLUENT software. The effects of three single-factor perspectives (sludge input ratio, gas flow rate, and tertiary air temperature on NO concentration) were investigated. The response surface method of Box–Behnken design was used. When the sludge ratio increased from 0 to 25%, the NO concentration at the outlet was 122–297 mg/m³. Meanwhile, it increased from 192 mg/ m³ to 241 mg/ m³ since the airflow increased from 95 m³/s to 122 m³/s. The maximum NO concentration was 192 mg/ m³ when the tertiary air temperature was 1170 K. The inter-action between airflow and sludge ratio was more significant than any other interaction between other conditions (P < 0.05). Finally, the optimum conditions were a sludge ratio of 5%, airflow 109 m³/s, and tertiary air temperature 1280 K. NO concentration was 166.9 mg/m³ under this condition

Different Active Sites of LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 for CH4 Oxidation by Regulation of Precursor’s Ion Concentration

 Pure LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 were synthesized under different ion concentrations of precursors and the difference of active sites for CH4 oxidation between them was found. As the ion concentration of precursors increased, the two kind of perovskite crystals grew larger along with agglomerate. Meanwhile, LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 prepared by high ion concentrations of precursors enriched more surface Co3+ or Mn4+. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in the oxidation reaction of methane under fuel-lean condition, results showed that LC-1.0 and LM-2.0 had the optimal activity and the light-off temperatures were 492°C and 486°C, respectively. Combining the physical and chemical characterization, the LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 possess different active sites for the methane catalytic reaction, and the conclusion was further verified by the DFT simulation. For LaCoO3, the surface lattice oxygen is the main active site, while for LaMnO3, the reaction is facilitated by the high-valent manganese

Study on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Cephalexin Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Its Process Development to Prepare 7-ADCA

Cephalosporin enzymatic hydrolysis technology is a green technology for recovering 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) from cephalosporin mother liquor. Solubility is critical for the production and purification of 7-ADCA. In this paper, the solubility of 7-ADCA and phenylglycine was measured. Solubility-temperature correlation model and solubility-pH correlation model were investigated, and Akaike information criterion (AIC) analysis was performed. The kinetic parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of cephalexin, cefradine, and cefadroxil were determined, and the reaction rates under different substrate concentrations were measured, and the Lineweaver–Burk double-reciprocal equation was used to draw a graph. The Michaelis constants Km/(mg/mL) were 73.98, 583.84, 38.66, Vmax/(mg/mL·min) 4.20, 16.00, 1.96, respectively. The experimental results show that amphoteric compounds and buffers can prompt the reaction, low concentration of methanol promotes the reaction, while high concentration of methanol inhibits the reaction, and ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4-dioxane all have different degrees of inhibition on the reaction speed. Finally, based on thermodynamic and kinetic studies, a process technology for the preparation of 7-ADCA by hydrolysis catalyzed of cephalexin was developed. It was confirmed that the proposed process route of preferential removal of phenylglycine by elution and/or cooling crystallization was reasonable and effective. The 7-ADCA crystal products obtained by crystallization were characterized by PXRD, thermal analysis, infrared, electron microscope, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Struvite Precipitation for Ammonia Nitrogen Removal in 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid Wastewater

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Non-Stacked γ-Fe2O3/C@TiO2 Double-Layer Hollow Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications under Visible Light

Herein, a non-stacked γ-Fe2O3/C@TiO2 double-layer hollow nano photocatalyst has been developed with ultrathin nanosheets-assembled double shells for photodegradation phenol. High catalytic performance was found that the phenol could be completely degraded in 135 min under visible light, due to the moderate band edge position (VB at 0.59 eV and CB at −0.66 eV) of the non-stacked γ-Fe2O3/C@TiO2, which can expand the excitation wavelength range into the visible light region and produce a high concentration of free radicals (such as ·OH, ·O2−, holes). Furthermore, the interior of the hollow composite γ-Fe2O3 is responsible for charge generation, and the carbon matrix facilitates charge transfer to the external TiO2 shell. This overlap improved the selection/utilization efficiency, while the unique non-stacked double-layered structure inhibited initial charge recombination over the photocatalysts. This work provides new approaches for photocatalytic applications with γ-Fe2O3/C-based materials