Varijabilnost populacija obiČnog bora (Pinus sylvestris l.) u Turskoj prema morfoloŠkim obiljeŽjima iglica

In the present study, needle variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) populations in Turkey was investigated. From selected eight populations, a total of 1314 needles belonging to 206 trees were examined. Four morphological needle traits were measured and analyzed to describe the population diversity and differentiation. Analyzed morphological traits showed significant variability. The trees within populations differ significantly in all analyzed needle characteristics, while the differences between populations were significant for the three of four studied characteristics. Present findings revealed that needle length, needle width and the ratio of needle length to needle width showed clinal variation in response to altitudinal gradients. Populations from higher altitudes were characterized with the smaller and wider needles as compared to the populations from lower altitudes. The results of this study could be valuable baseline data for the development of more efficient management plans for this forest tree species

Varijacije u anatomiji iglica običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) s obzirom na staništa i nadmorsku visinu u Turskoj

SummaryIn this study, eight Scots pine populations from Turkiye were studied to explore the influence of different habitats and altitudinal zones on the needle anatomical traits. A total of 496 needles belonging to 64 individuals were examined using light microscopy with the aim to score variability of sixteen needle anatomical traits. Variance analysis showed significant differences in needle thickness, needle width, resin canal number, resin canal diameter, central cylinder width, central cylinder thickness, endodermis cell number, endodermis width and endodermis thickness of eight populations depending on habitat zones. However, only resin canal diameter, endodermis width and endodermis thickness differ significantly in examined populations depending on altitudinal gradients. Cluster analysis showed the greatest similarities between the Bolu-Aladağ and Ardahan-Yalnızçam populations, and the most distinguishable population was the Giresun-Espiye population based on the anatomical characteristics of the needles. Although principal component analysis showed that needle width, central cylinder width, needle thickness, and central cylinder thickness had the greatest influence on the delimitation of Scots pine populations distributed in Turkiye, discrimination analysis did not separate the examined populations depending on the anatomical characteristics of the needles.SažetakU ovoj studiji proučavano je osam populacija običnog bora iz Turske, kako bi se istražio utjecaj zona staništa I admorske visine na anatomske značajke iglica. Svjetlosnim mikroskopom promatrano je ukupno 496 iglica uzorkovanih sa 64 stabla, s ciljem utvrđivanja varijabilnosti dieciséis anatomskih karakteristika. Analiza varijance pokazuje da postoje značajne razlike u debljini iglica, širini iglica, broju smolnih kanala, promjeru smolnih kanala, širini središnjeg cilindra, debljini središnjeg cilindra, broju stanica endoderme, širini endoderme i debljini endoderme u osam populacija ovisno o zonama staništa. Međutim, jedino se promjer smolnog kanala, širina endodermisa i debljina endodermisa značajno razlikuju u ispitivanoj populaciji, ovisno o visinskim gradijentima. Klasterska analiza pokazala je najveće sličnosti između populacija Bolu-Aladağ i Ardahan-Yalnızçam, a najistaknutija populacija bila je populacija Giresun-Espiye na temelju anatomskih značajki iglica. Iako je analiza glavnih komponenti pokazala da širina iglice, širina središnjeg cilindra, debljina iglice i debljina središnjeg cilindra imaju najveći utjecaj na razlikovanje populacija običnog bora rasprostranjenih u Turskoj, diskriminantnom analizom ispitivane populacije nisu razdvojene uzimajući u obzir anatomske značajke iglica

Folk medicinal plants used for the treatment of gynecological disorders by the rural population of zorlu village (Turkey)

Background:This research deals with the indigenous medicinal plants used by rural population of Artvin-Borçka (Zorlu village), for the treatment of gynecological disorders. For this purpose, ethnomedicinal survey of Zorlu village in Turkey was carried out during 2008-2009. Methods:In the present study, a two-part survey was made. The first part of the survey was determined the folk medicine used for treatment of gynecological disorders. Second part of the survey were determined the ethnomedicinal uses of the plants.Results: Local inhabitants are extremely knowledgeable about the utilization of indigenous flora of the study area and knowledge about the treatment of gynecological disorders. As a result of the study 74 plant taxa belonging to 59 genera and 30 families were determined. These 74 plant taxa used the treatment of gynecological disorders. Information on 74 plant taxa with their botanical name, pharmacological activity, ethnomedicinal usage knowledges were provided. In addition,the pharmacologicalproperties of these plant taxa such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, tumor-inhibitory, antiallergic, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, anticandidal, antifungal, anticancer, antibiotic, anticariogenic, antigenotoxic, antirheumatic, antipruritic and antihypertensiveactivitiesare presented in this study. Conclusions:Present study is about the utilization of medicinal plants in Zorlu Village, they were used the traditional knowledge for the treatment of gynecological disorders. Documentation of such ethnomedicinal data on biological resources can be used for medical and pharmaceutical science

Growth responses of Pinus sylvestris L. to climate from the southeastern limit of its natural distribution area, Turkey

Pinus sylvestris, the most widely distributed pine species, is commonly used in dendrochronological studies. Based on a lack of studies at its southeastern distribution, we analysed the growth responses of P. sylvestris to temperature and precipitation. We selected 13 sites to study the effects of climate on the growth of Scots pine stands throughout a geographic gradient over time. Trees were sampled from pure stands at different elevations and landscape conditions. The linear and non-linear associations between tree-ring widths and climate variables were calculated with locally specific linear correlation analysis and a mixed generalised additive model. Moving window correlation function was also performed to understand the temporal stability of limiting factors on growth from 1930 to 2013. Our findings showed that early spring temperature (March-April) and late spring-early summer precipitation (May-June) are the major drivers of growth at all sites, where high temperature constraints and high precipitation enhances the growth. Moving window correlation analysis highlighted that the response to precipitation was stationary while temperature changed over time. Our non-linear analysis provided a threshold for March-April temperature. The threshold indicates that the relative additional increment sharply increases up to 7 °C and then slightly decreases