Utility of Somatostatin Receptors in Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas Neuroendocrine Tumors

Aim: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogenous group of tumors. Most of gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEPNETs) are welldifferentiated low-grade tumors but a subset of them displays aggressive behavior. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) play an im-portant role in the pathogenesis of GEPNETs, and they display targets for therapy. We aimed to evaluate SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR5 by immunohistochemistry in GEPNETs and correlate with clinicopathological findings.Materials and Methods: Totally 61 cases were enrolled into this study and evaluated for SSTR2, 3, and 5 by im-munohistochemically.Results: Mostly the patients had low-grade neoplasms and 23% of them had metastatic disease. Total-ly, 73%, 47%, and 26% positivity were found by SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5, respectively. The histopathological grade was increased relative to decreasing expression levels of SSTRs. Among metastatic neoplasms, SSTR2 positivity was found to be greater than a non-metastatic disease.Conclusion:In conclusion, SSTRs are useful to predict the clinical outcomes as well as target of therapy

Signifance of Liver Ductal Plate Malformation in Differential Diagnosis of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Autopsy Case

WOS: 000360662000005Cystic renal diseases are a group of disorders that cause neonatal deaths. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare entity which may be associated with liver disorders. Presenting autopsy case was stillbirth in 31 + 1 gestational week. In postmortem autopsy, viewed through the capsule, the renal surface was filled by innumerable miniature cysts about 1 mm in diameter. istopathological examination revealed multiple cysts of variable size in the renal medulla and tortuosity, elongation of ductal plate of liver. The autopsy was evaluated as ARPKD and ductal plate malformation. This disorder is not usually compatible with life. Some of the other cystic kidney diseases have better clinical outcome and must be distinguished from ARPKD

Peliosis Hepatis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

WOS: 000436740500009

Small Bowel Volvulus Secondary to Mucinous Cystadenoma of the Appendix: A Case Report

Amaç: Appendikste oluşan kistadenoma appendektomi ameliyatlarının %0.6'sında tespit edilen nadir bir patolojik durumdur. Bu yayının amacı, apendiks kistadenomuna bağlı gelişen ve cerrahi ile başarılı bir şekilde tedavi edilen, nadir görülen ileal volvulus olgusunu sunmaktır. Olgu: Yetmiş altı yaşındaki kadın hasta acil servisimize şiddetli sağ kadran ağrısı ile kabul edildi. Yapılan abdominal bilgisayarlı tomografide (Abdominal BT) ve abdominal direkt grafide bağırsak segmentlerinde yaygın dilatasyon ve periluminal sıvı koleksiyonları izlendi. Yapılan cerrahi operasyonda ince bağırsak bölgesinde volvulus ve appendiks bölgesinde 2 cm'lik kitle lezyonu nedeni ile apendektomi uygulandı. Volvüle olarak izlenen ileal segment parsiyel olarak uç-uca anastamoz yapılarak rezeke edildi. Alınan kitle histopatolojik olarak müsinöz kistadenoma ile uyumlu olarak geldi. Hastamız genel durumu düzeldikten sonra bir haftalık yatış periodu sonrası taburcu edildi. Sonuç: Appendiks lümeninde müsinöz neoplazi ile oluşan obstrüksüyon gastrointestinal sistemin değişik yerlerinden volvulus ile komplike olabilir. Vakamız ileal volvulus ile komplike olan ileri derecede nadir vaka presentasyonu özelliğini göstermektedirObjective: Appendiceal cystadenoma (AC) is a rare pathology diagnosed in 0.6% of all appendectomy operations. The purpose of the report was to present a rare case of ileal volvulus due to appendiceal cystadenoma, which was successfully treated with surgery. Case: A woman aged 76 years was admitted to our emergency service with severe right lower quadrant pain. Abdominal tomography and X-ray showed features of generalized dilatation of bowel segments with periluminal fluid collections. Intraoperatively, we found bowel volvulus and a 2 cm mass at the appendiceal borders and an appendectomy was performed. The volvulated ileal segment was resected and restored with end-to-end anastomosis. Histopathologic examination of the mass revealed mucinous cystadenoma. Our patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative one week with complete clinical recovery.Conclusion: Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a mucinous neoplasia can cause appendicitis followed by secondary volvulus in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Our case was further complicated by ileal volvulus, which led to an extremely rare presentatio

Morphologic evaluation of the effect of denosumab on giant cell tumors of bone and a new grading scheme

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, usually benign but locally aggressive neoplasm. Recent studies suggest new approaches in light of the elucidation of molecular pathways in bone. The osteolytic nature of GCT is caused by the receptor for activating nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) associated osteoclasts. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that affects GCT through RANKL and it prevents normal and neoplastic osteolysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathologic alterations due to denosumab treatment and the efficiency of this drug in GCT therapy. Ten patients had been treated with denosumab and were included in the study. Pretreatment biopsies were interpreted as conventional GCTs and posttreatment biopsies of the ten patients’ GCTs were classified in accordance with the grading system. Only one patient had tumor remaining after treatment. There is limited data on histopathologic alterations that follow denosumab treatment. The bone pathologist should keep these changes in mind because they mimic different types of bone tumors. Furthermore, there is no widely accepted grading system to evaluate the effect of denosumab in GCT. Our study suggested a scheme that would be helpful to evaluate the efficiency of denosumab treatment in GCT

Therapy-Induced Neural Differentiation in Ewing's Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

WOS: 000466572300008PubMed ID: 28272685Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a small round cell tumor of adolescents or young adults that usually arises in the deep soft tissues of the extremities. The tumor cells have uniform round nuclei, fine powdery chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. CD99 (O13) is a product of the MIC 2 gene that is highly sensitive to ES but not specific. A panel of markers should be used for the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors because nearly all others, on occasion, show membranous staining for CD99. One of the defining feature of ES is the presence of 22q12 gene rearrangement. The presented case is a 6 year-old boy complaining of swelling on his right leg. The biopsy was compatible with classic ES in terms of histopathological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic criteria. Wide surgical resection was performed after chemotherapy. The posttreatment specimen was composed of uniformly small round cells mixed with areas of ganglion cells embedded in neurophil-like fibrillary background. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells revealed strong CD99 (O13) and NSE staining and the tumor had EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Morphologic alterations due to treatment are commonly seen in pediatric tumors. Single case reports have defined neural differentiation in ES but to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of ES in the literature with all histopathological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic criteria evaluated in both pretreatment and posttreatment specimens

AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF INTRAHEPATIC ARTERIOPORTAL FISTULA WITH MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

WOS: 000391179400012Arterioportal fistula (APF) is a rare disorder of the mesenteric vasculature Patients with arterioportal fistula may present with complications, including portal hypertension (gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites), heart failure or intestinal ischemia. Furthermore, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) subsequent to portosystemic shunts have been reported. In this paper, we report on a case of arterioportal fistula complicated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and treated with an endovascular embolization procedure. A rapid improvement and complete resolution of ascites were observed following the treatment

The histological effect of tranexamic acid on tendon-to-bone healing histologically in rats

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on osteotendinous junction healing in a rat model, both biomechanically and histologically. Materials and methods: Sixty-four male Wistar-Albi no rats weighing 450 to 600 g were used in this study. The rats were divided into two groups as the experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Achillotomy and subsequent repair site was exposed to 1 mL of TXA in the experimental group, while 1 mL of saline was given to the control group. For biomechanical and histopathological investigation, each group was further divided into two subgroups. At the end of four weeks, all rats were sacrificed. Biomechanical tests were performed using the M500-50CT device. The Bonar, Movin, and Nourissat bone-tendon junction scoring systems were used for histopathological evaluation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the elongation at a maximum point, maximum loading, and maximum stress variables in the biomechanical study (p=0.558 p=0.775, and p=0.558, respectively). In the histopathological evaluation, the collagen content and layout were close to the native tissue in the experimental group (p=0.047 and p=0.008, respectively). Vascularity, hyalinization, and glycosaminoglycan content were significantly lower in the experimental group (p=0.004, p=0.014, and p=0.026, respectively). The total Bonar and Movin scores were more favorable in the experimental group (p<0.001). Conclusion: This experimental study showed that local administration of TXA accelerated bone-tendon junction healing in rats

Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor in odontogenic tumors and rare soft tissue tumors by immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in odontogenic tumors and rare soft tissue tumors. Material and Methods: This study includes 28 cases (11 cases of odontogenic tumors and 17 cases of soft tissue tumors) which were diagnosed at Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology between 2002 and 2010. They were evaluated for immunohistochemical staining of EGFR and the presence of genetic abnormality by FISH method. Results: Eleven cases were positively stained by immunohistochemistry. Eight cases had genetic abnormality of EGFR gene by FISH method. Nine of eleven odontogenic tumors (81,8%) showed overexpression of EGFR by immunohistochemical method or FISH method. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that EGFR plays an important role in chordoma pathogenesis in soft tissue tumors. In addition to odontogenic tumors; two cases of vascular neoplasia, composite and retiform hemangioendothelioma, exhibited EGFR gene amplification. Interestingly, there is no avaliable data about EGFR gene status in these tumors. EGFR can be used for diagnostic purposes. Also, it is a target for anti-EGFR therapy. Therefore, EGFR gene status is a valuable marker for therapeutic management. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000): 316-325

A case of hepatolithiasis mimicking tumor

WOS: 000437950900036