Sleep Apnea in Caucasian and Asian Climacteric Women

The aim of our study was to define the structure of sleep in Caucasian and Asian peri- and postmenopausal women with sleep apnea. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-seven menopausal women between 45 and 60 years of age participated in this study. The participants were divided into 2 ethnic groups, taking into account the genealogy (the representatives having in two generations of parents of one ethnic group) and self-identification, taking into account phenotype elements. Caucasians were represented by the Russian ethnic group (n=115) and Asians by the Buryat ethnic group (n=132). The study included the collection of anamnestic data, physical examinations, clinical (Berlin questionnaire, general medical examination, gynecological examination, polysomnographic monitoring according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations), and biochemical laboratory methods. Results: Sleep complaints, such as difficulty falling asleep, frequent night awakenings (more than 2 times), difficulties of morning awakening or problems waking up too early, were increased in perimenopausal Caucasian women. We found ethnic differences in a greater frequency of complaints in Caucasian women, but Asian women also showed a tendency to increased complaints about poor sleep. Polysomnographic monitoring revealed that OSA was more common in Asian postmenopausal women than in Caucasians. However, in structure of sleep we have not seen distinctions. Conclusion: For improving the quality of life, it is necessary not only to pay attention to menopausal problems, but also to solve the sleep problems associated with various strategies, both age management and lifestyle

Sleep EEG oscillation associations with plasma amyloid-β42 in apneic adolescents: a cross section study

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is very serious and multifactorial sleep disorder in both adults and children. Growing evidence suggests some pathophysiological links between OSA and cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on associations between sleep homeostasis alteration in OSA and cognition, here we evaluated potential relationships between plasma Aβ42 levels with biophysical properties of slow wave sleep (SWS) and sleep spindles (SSs) in adolescent samples which different in weight and the presence of OSA. One-night in-lab polysomnography and morning blood collection were performed to estimate sleep EEG oscillation patterns and measure plasma Aβ42 levels. SWS was significantly negatively correlated with plasma Aβ42 in OSA patients only (with and without obesity). Despite a significant association between all SSs parameters and Aβ levels in both obese group (OSA + and OSA−) stronger correlations were observed in obese OSA + patients. So, spindle number, density and duration were positively correlated with Aβ42 levels, and spindle amplitude and frequency were negatively correlated with they. There was only one strong positive correlation between plasma amyloid and spindle number in the OSA non-obese adolescents. Altered SW and spindles activity during sleep in OSA may represent an early dysfunction related to amyloid, possibly reflecting brain damage through hypoxia and metabolic stress, or increased amyloid secretion and reduced Aβ clearance. So, SWA and SSs play important role in neuroplasticity and memory consolidation and they may represent a putative mechanism by which amyloid impairs cognition, as well as rendering it potentially new biomarkers for early neuronal dysfunction in young age

Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна: ассоциация уровня сывороточного мелатонина, повышенной дневной сонливости и интермиттирующей ночной гипоксемии

The relevance of studies related to the features of respiratory disorders during sleep is undeniable due to the steady growth of the worldwide prevalence of apnea syndrome, which leads to a decrease in quality of life, the risk of early cardiovascular diseases together with cerebrovascular, endocrine, and pulmonary disorders.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the morning serum melatonin, blood oxygen saturation (SрO2), and increased daytime sleepiness in patients with SOAS, as well as to assess changes in the production of endogenous melatonin after eliminating clinical manifestations of nocturnal hypoxemia, through a 3-month course of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The study enrolled 30 male patients who came to the Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems” because of snoring, sleep apnea, and increased daytime sleepiness.Methods. Polysomnography, questionnaire, HPLC-MS/MS analysis of serum melatonin levels, CPAP-therapy for the respiratory support at home for 3 months, monitoring of the sleep scores, serum melatonin, and daytime sleepiness after the treatment.Results. A comparative assessment of the sleep scores before and after the respiratory support for 3 months revealed a significant improvement in sleep structure, elimination of the apnea episodes, and restoration of blood SрO2 after the therapy. Analysis of the serum melatonin vales confirmed a statistically significant increase of melatonin level against baseline in patients with SOAS after the treatment. A correlation analysis showed a relationship between the melatonin level, daytime sleepiness, and blood SрO2.Conclusion. The results of this study and the data of other researchers demonstrate that the elimination of intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in patients with SOAS allows reducing the morning serum melatonin level, thereby reducing the daytime sleepiness and subsequently improving the quality of life.Актуальность исследований, связанных с особенностями нарушений дыхания во время сна, неоспорима в связи с неуклонным ростом числа случаев синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) в мире, который приводит к снижению качества жизни, риску раннего формирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний с развитием цереброваскулярных, эндокринных и бронхолегочных нарушений.Целью исследования явилось определение взаимосвязи утреннего сывороточного мелатонина (СМ), уровня насыщения артериальной крови кислородом (SрO2) во время сна и повышенной дневной сонливости у пациентов с СОАС, а также оценка изменений продукции эндогенного мелатонина после устранения ночной гипоксемии посредством 3-месячного курса респираторной поддержки во время сна в режиме неинвазивной вентиляции легких с постоянным положительным давлением в дыхательных путях (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure — СРАР).Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие пациенты (n = 30) мужского пола, обратившиеся в Иркутский сомнологический центр Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека» с жалобами на храп, остановку дыхания во время сна, повышенную дневную сонливость. Проводились полисомнографическое исследование, анкетирование, исследование СМ с помощью высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии, респираторная поддержка во время сна в домашних условиях посредством СРАР в течение 3 мес., контроль показателей сна, СМ и оценка дневной сонливости после лечения.Результаты. При проведении сравнительной оценки показателей сна до и после респираторной поддержки во время сна в течение 3 мес. значительно улучшилась структура сна, прекратились эпизоды апноэ и восстановился уровень SрO2 на фоне терапии. При сравнении полученных результатов показателей СМ выявлено статистически достоверное увеличение уровня СМ у пациентов с СОАС в сравнении результатами после лечения По результатам корреляционного анализа выявлена взаимосвязь между уровнем СМ, дневной сонливостью и SрO2.Заключение. На основании полученных результатов и данных других исследований сделано заключение о том, что при устранении ночной интермиттирующей гипоксемии у пациентов с СОАС уменьшаются уровень утреннего СМ и дневная сонливость с последующим улучшением качества жизни