11 research outputs found

    Application of PN and avalanche silicon photodiodes to low-level optical

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    New approaches to the discovery of other planetary systems require very sensitive and stable detection techniques in order to succeed. Two methods in particular, the astrometric and the photometric methods, require this. To begin understanding the problems and limitations of solid state detectors regarding this application, preliminary experiments were performed at the National Bureau of Standards and a low light level detector characterization facility was built. This facility is briefly described, and the results of tests conducted in it are outlined. A breadboard photometer that was used to obtain stellar brightness ratio precision data is described. The design principles of PN and avalanche silicon photodiodes based on low light level measuring circuits are discussed

    Detector-Based Reference Calibrations for Electro-Optical Instruments

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    Π˜ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Adobe AcrobatΠ’ этой ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ описано, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСрСния ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ мощности излучСния, освСщСнности ΠΈ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ измСрСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² для опрСдСлСния ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… пространствСнных, ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ… Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ обсуТдаСтся. Π’ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ описываСтся гСомСтрия ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, настройки ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈ свойства Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ обСспСчСния прослСТиваСмости Π² ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… мСтрологичСских институтах (NMI) ΠΈ руководство ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ стандартов. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ описаны Π² справочных стандартах систСмы Π‘ΠΈ для ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (UV) ΠΈ инфракрасного (IR) Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ошибки направлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании эталонов Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ для Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² tristimulus, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ для элСктронныхThis book describes how to perform spectral radiant power, irradiance, and radiance responsivity measurements. Measurement methods are described for detectors, radiometers and photometers to determine the relative spatial, angular, and spectral variations of their responsivities. Determination of absolute responsivities are also discussed in detail. The book describes measurement geometry, measurement setups, typical types and properties of different detectors, radiometers, and photometers, and measurement methods. The measurement methods include procedures to obtain traceability to National Metrological Institutes (NMI) and guidance on selecting standards. Responsivity scale realizations and extensions are described from reference Si standards for the ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) ranges. Directional errors when using the detector and radiometer standards are also discussed. The spectral responsivity calibrations are discussed for photometers and tristimulus colorimeters and also for electronic imaging

    Traceability of photocurrent measurements to electrical standards

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    Detector-Based Reference Calibrations for Electro-Optical Instruments

    No full text
    Π˜ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Adobe AcrobatΠ’ этой ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ описано, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСрСния ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ мощности излучСния, освСщСнности ΠΈ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ измСрСния Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² для опрСдСлСния ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… пространствСнных, ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ… Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ обсуТдаСтся. Π’ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ описываСтся гСомСтрия ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, настройки ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈ свойства Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ обСспСчСния прослСТиваСмости Π² ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… мСтрологичСских институтах (NMI) ΠΈ руководство ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ стандартов. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡˆΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ‹ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ описаны Π² справочных стандартах систСмы Π‘ΠΈ для ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (UV) ΠΈ инфракрасного (IR) Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ошибки направлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании эталонов Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ для Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² tristimulus, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ для элСктронныхThis book describes how to perform spectral radiant power, irradiance, and radiance responsivity measurements. Measurement methods are described for detectors, radiometers and photometers to determine the relative spatial, angular, and spectral variations of their responsivities. Determination of absolute responsivities are also discussed in detail. The book describes measurement geometry, measurement setups, typical types and properties of different detectors, radiometers, and photometers, and measurement methods. The measurement methods include procedures to obtain traceability to National Metrological Institutes (NMI) and guidance on selecting standards. Responsivity scale realizations and extensions are described from reference Si standards for the ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) ranges. Directional errors when using the detector and radiometer standards are also discussed. The spectral responsivity calibrations are discussed for photometers and tristimulus colorimeters and also for electronic imaging
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