Loess regression plots of 6-minute walking distance (meters) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.

<p>Loess regression plots of 6-minute walking distance (meters) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.</p

Participants' characteristics by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) quintiles in men: the Pro.V.A. Study.

*<p>also adjusted for smoking habit; BMI (body mass index), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases), PTH (parathyroid hormone), GFR (glomerular filtration rate), 25OHD (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D).</p><p>For conversion from nmol/L to ng/ml divide by 2.496.</p><p>Numbers are mean values (and Standard Deviations) or percentage (%), as appropriate.</p

Observed physical performance measures (mean[SD]) by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in men: the Pro.V.A. Study.

<p>Observed physical performance measures (mean[SD]) by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in men: the Pro.V.A. Study.</p

Loess regression plots of 5 timed chair stands measure (seconds) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.

<p>Loess regression plots of 5 timed chair stands measure (seconds) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.</p

Adjusted estimates of physical performance mean values [mean (SE)] by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in men: the Pro.V.A Study.

<p>Notes: Adjusted mean values were obtained using the GLM procedure. Model 1 was adjusted for confounder variables (age, BMI, smoking habit, regular physical activity, season, depression, cognitive status, glomerular filtration rate (according to the MDRD formula). Model 2 was adjusted for the variables in Model 1 plus the covariates cardiovascular diseases, osteoarticular disease, COPD, and visual impairment;</p><p>SE =  standard error.</p

Participants' characteristics by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) quintiles in women: the PRO.V.A. Study.

*<p>also adjusted for smoking habit; BMI (body mass index), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases), PTH (parathyroid hormone), GFR (glomerular filtration rate), 25OHD (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D).</p><p>For conversion from nmol/L to ng/ml divide by 2.496.</p><p>Numbers are mean values (and Standard Deviations) or percentage (%), as appropriate.</p

Loess regression plots gait speed (meter/seconds) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.

<p>Loess regression plots gait speed (meter/seconds) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.</p

Loess regression plots of handgrip strength (kg) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.

<p>Loess regression plots of handgrip strength (kg) by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations; straight line–for women and diamond line ◊◊ for men.</p

Changes in secondary outcomes (as percentages) from baseline to follow-up by group.

<p><u>Notes:</u> the changes are represented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Changes were calculated as the difference between the follow-up and baseline values (delta), divided by the baseline value and multiplied by 100. <u>Abbreviations</u>: PT = peak torque; 6MWT = 6-minute walking test.</p

Consort diagram indicating sample sizes at each stage during the study.

<p>Consort diagram indicating sample sizes at each stage during the study.</p