Características tecnológicas da cana-de-açúcar sob aplicação de doses de vinhaça em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico

One of the main by-products of the sugar and alcohol industry is the vinasse which is rich in nutrients, especially potassium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the technological characteristics and productivity of sugarcane after application of vinasse doses in the third cut cane. The study was conducted in Rhodic Hapludox sandy clay soil, in Monte Verde plant - Bunge in county Ponta Porã, MS. A randomized block design was used, four vinasse doses (0, 450, 600 and 750 m3 ha-1) with five repetitions were evaluated. sugarcane variety RB 855453 early cycle was used, with line spacing of 1.5 m. The planting of cane occurred in 2008, using conventional tillage. The POL% increased 3.38%, for the °BRIX%, there was an increase of 5.03%, the AR% increased 22%, for the variable FIBER%, there was a 6.7% e the ATR% increased 4.94%, with vinasse doses. For productivity, there was an increase of 4 Mg from the lowest to the highest dose of vinasse. The application of vinasse doses improved the quality of the raw material, except for industry purity. The vinasse doses increased the productivity of sugarcane.Um dos principais subprodutos da indústria sucroalcooleira é a vinhaça a qual é rica em nutrientes, especialmente potássio. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a qualidade tecnológica e produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, após aplicação de doses de vinhaça em cana de terceiro corte. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, franco argilo arenoso, na usina monte verde – BUNGE, no município de Ponta Porã, MS. Foi utilizado delineamento de blocos casualizados sendo avaliadas quatro doses de vinhaça (0; 450; 600 e 750 m3 ha-1) com cinco repetições. Foi utilizada a variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 855453 de ciclo precoce, com espaçamento entre linhas de 1,5 m. O plantio da cana ocorreu no ano de 2008, utilizando preparo convencional do solo. O POL% aumentou 3,38%, para o °BRIX% houve incremento de 5,03%, o AR% aumentou 22%, para a variável FIBRA% houve incremento de 6,7% e o ATR% aumentou 4,94%, com as doses de vinhaça. Para produtividade houve incremento de 4 Mg da menor para maior dose de vinhaça. A aplicação de doses de vinhaça melhorou a qualidade tecnológica, exceto pureza para a indústria. As doses da vinhaça aumentaram a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar

Phosphorus in Forage Production

The aim in developing this work was to summarize information about phosphorus (P) limitation and dynamic in tropical soils for forage grasses production. The major idea is direct information about limited factors affecting P availability, dynamic of P fractionation, P pools, P forms, P use efficiency, and the 4R’s Nutrient Stewardship’ for P-fertilizer in forage grasses. Organizing these sub-headings in a chapter can result in interesting of how P behaves under tropical soils, in order to take decision to manage P-fertilizer to accomplish forage grasses production with social, economic, and environmental benefits. As the most limiting nutrient in tropical soils, P-fertilizer in forage grasses can be more effective if the best management practices are followed. In order to avoid excess P-fertilizer application in soil or P-fertilizer response with low efficiency, it is important to understand the P dynamic and the factors associated with P adsorption in soil. Even with low amount of P requested to forages species, the P available in soil is quite low, and this knowledge is primordial to direct P-fertilizer. Tropical soils are quite limited in P content, due to the natural formation with parental material poor in P content and highly weathering condition. Thus, in order to improve phosphorus use efficiency, the 4R’s must be followed to improve P use efficiency (PUE). It is not easy to improve PUE in highly weathering soil with high buffering capacity; however, all the combination of best management practices for P-fertilizer application can result in better use efficiency. Based on the scarcity of natural P-sources in the whole world, the use of alternative P-sources should be incentivized, and more researches about this issue are need for better understanding

Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Nitrogen Fertilizer in Forage Grasses

There is a concern about the growing population and limitation in natural resources which are taking the population to direct its agricultural systems into a more productive and efficient activity, looking to avoid a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The industry energy expended to produce nitrogen (N)-fertilizer is considered an indirect consumption of energy in agriculture, which is higher with an increasing forage yield. Nitrogen is the key nutrient associated with high-yielding production in forage grass and grain crops. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the best management practices (BMPs) for N-fertilizer application in forage grasses to improve N-use efficiency, since the most economical way to feed livestock is forage plants where its potential biomass production is not well explored. The BMPs basically follow three management practices: (1) soil nutrient availability and forage requirement, (2) fertilizer application, and (3) decrease in nutrient losses from soil. In order to take a decision on applying N-fertilizer to accomplish forage grasses production with social, economic, and environmental benefits, the N-fertilizer use in forage grasses is going to follow the “Right rate, Right source, Right place, and Right time (4R) nutrient stewardship.” The application of the 4R’s nutrients stewardship is directly associated with economic, social, and environmental impact. The capacity of the 4R’s implementation worldwide turns into a best guide to improve the striving of better N-use efficiency in forage grass. The 4R’s are interrelated; thus, the recommendation of N-fertilizer rates cannot be prescribed without the combination of the 4R’s where a whole system to be followed should be considered to decide about N-fertilizer in pasture. Consequently, any decision in one of the 4R’s is going to affect the expected N-fertilizer results and dry matter production