Evaluation of plastic and steel bins for protection of stored maize against Insect Infestation in Ghana: Poster

Maize is a staple food in Ghana where there is ever increasing demand for its use to also support poultry and livestock production. However, post-harvest loss of maize is high in Ghana. This study evaluated the effectiveness of plastic and steel bins as bulk storage structures to reduce maize post-harvest loss in Ejura, Ghana during the period from February 2016 to January 2017. Maize pre-disinfested with a solar biomass hybrid dryer was stored in the following treatments: i. a white 7-ton plastic bin filled with untreated maize, ii. agreen 7-ton plastic bin filled with untreated maize, iii.a 6-ton Kikapu steel bin filled with untreated maize, iv. six 50-kg polypropylene (PP) bags filled with maize treated with Betallic Super (80 g pirimiphos-methyl and 15 g permethrin per liter as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC)), and v. six 50-kg PP bags filled with untreated maize ascontrol. Moisture content, insect pests, insect damaged kernels (IDK), grain weight loss, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels data were collected monthly. Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, Cathartus quadricollis, and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were the dominant insect species collected from maize samples. At the end of 12 months of storage, % IDK in the control was >17% while IDK values in the other treatments were <3%. Mean grain weight losses of <1% were recorded in the bin treatments. Mycotoxin levels in the control were above the allowable threshold of 15 ppb. Our data suggest that use of plastic and steel bins has potential to reduce post-harvest loss of maize during storage.Maize is a staple food in Ghana where there is ever increasing demand for its use to also support poultry and livestock production. However, post-harvest loss of maize is high in Ghana. This study evaluated the effectiveness of plastic and steel bins as bulk storage structures to reduce maize post-harvest loss in Ejura, Ghana during the period from February 2016 to January 2017. Maize pre-disinfested with a solar biomass hybrid dryer was stored in the following treatments: i. a white 7-ton plastic bin filled with untreated maize, ii. agreen 7-ton plastic bin filled with untreated maize, iii.a 6-ton Kikapu steel bin filled with untreated maize, iv. six 50-kg polypropylene (PP) bags filled with maize treated with Betallic Super (80 g pirimiphos-methyl and 15 g permethrin per liter as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC)), and v. six 50-kg PP bags filled with untreated maize ascontrol. Moisture content, insect pests, insect damaged kernels (IDK), grain weight loss, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels data were collected monthly. Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, Cathartus quadricollis, and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were the dominant insect species collected from maize samples. At the end of 12 months of storage, % IDK in the control was >17% while IDK values in the other treatments were <3%. Mean grain weight losses of <1% were recorded in the bin treatments. Mycotoxin levels in the control were above the allowable threshold of 15 ppb. Our data suggest that use of plastic and steel bins has potential to reduce post-harvest loss of maize during storage

On-farm maize insect pest and mycotoxin levels in Ghana: Presentation

Maize post-harvest losses are perennial in Ghana but reliable comparative information on on-farm losses of maize produced in the Middle and Northern Belts of Ghana is lacking. Two studies were conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 to identify factors contributing to on-farm losses of maize in these two Belts. In the Northern Belt, the study was conducted in six communities including Adubiyili, Diari, Pong-Tamale, Savelugu, Toroyili and Zamnayili; and in the Middle Belt, in Ejura, Sekyedumase and Amantin communities. Moisture content, percent weight loss, percent insect damaged kernels (IDK) on numerical basis (%IDKnb) and percent IDK by weight basis (%IDKwb), insect pest abundance, and mycotoxin levels were estimated. Moisture content values of maize at pre-harvest and heaping stages in all nine communities were below 15%. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella, Cathartus quadricollis, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were found to attack maize onfarm in communities in the Middle Belt, but no adult insect pests were collected on pre-harvested maize in the Northern Belt. The %IDKnb values on-farm in all nine communities were < 2% per 250 g. Mean aflatoxin levels below 15 ppb were obtained from pre-harvested maize in both regions but levels above 15 ppb were obtained from heaped maize on-farm. Fumonisin levels of maize were below 4 ppm on pre-harvested and in heaped maize in both regions. Results show that heaping maize on-farm increases aflatoxin levels beyond the acceptable threshold level and should not be practiced.Maize post-harvest losses are perennial in Ghana but reliable comparative information on on-farm losses of maize produced in the Middle and Northern Belts of Ghana is lacking. Two studies were conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 to identify factors contributing to on-farm losses of maize in these two Belts. In the Northern Belt, the study was conducted in six communities including Adubiyili, Diari, Pong-Tamale, Savelugu, Toroyili and Zamnayili; and in the Middle Belt, in Ejura, Sekyedumase and Amantin communities. Moisture content, percent weight loss, percent insect damaged kernels (IDK) on numerical basis (%IDKnb) and percent IDK by weight basis (%IDKwb), insect pest abundance, and mycotoxin levels were estimated. Moisture content values of maize at pre-harvest and heaping stages in all nine communities were below 15%. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella, Cathartus quadricollis, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were found to attack maize onfarm in communities in the Middle Belt, but no adult insect pests were collected on pre-harvested maize in the Northern Belt. The %IDKnb values on-farm in all nine communities were < 2% per 250 g. Mean aflatoxin levels below 15 ppb were obtained from pre-harvested maize in both regions but levels above 15 ppb were obtained from heaped maize on-farm. Fumonisin levels of maize were below 4 ppm on pre-harvested and in heaped maize in both regions. Results show that heaping maize on-farm increases aflatoxin levels beyond the acceptable threshold level and should not be practiced

Insect pests and fungal pathogens in maize stored in Ghana: Presentation

Insect infestations and mycotoxin contamination contribute to postharvest degradation and crop loss in sub- Saharan Africa, including maize stored in Ghana. Surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence of insect pests and fungal pathogens in stored maize from the major and minor cropping seasons (September to December and January to April, respectively) that was stored on-farm and in retail markets in Ghana. Results show differences between the major and minor storage seasons for on-farm sites and retail markets. The presence of internal feeders such as Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) was positivly correlated with insect-damaged kernels and percentage weight loss. Levels of aflatoxin were generally greater than the established threshold of 15 ppb early in the major crop storage season, while fumonisins were generally lower than threshold levels of 4.0 ppm in on-farm sites and in the retail markets.Insect infestations and mycotoxin contamination contribute to postharvest degradation and crop loss in sub- Saharan Africa, including maize stored in Ghana. Surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence of insect pests and fungal pathogens in stored maize from the major and minor cropping seasons (September to December and January to April, respectively) that was stored on-farm and in retail markets in Ghana. Results show differences between the major and minor storage seasons for on-farm sites and retail markets. The presence of internal feeders such as Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) was positivly correlated with insect-damaged kernels and percentage weight loss. Levels of aflatoxin were generally greater than the established threshold of 15 ppb early in the major crop storage season, while fumonisins were generally lower than threshold levels of 4.0 ppm in on-farm sites and in the retail markets