Over seröz kistadenomu duvarında ektopik adrenal

Ektopik adrenal çocuklarda nispeten sık görülen bir durumdur. En sık lokalizasyon erkek genital sistemi, özellikle de spermatik korddur. Kadın genital sistemi de ektopik adrenal dokusunun sık görüldüğü bir bölgedir, ancak over lokalizasyonu çok nadirdir. Yirmi bir yaşında kadın hasta karında şişlik, pelvik ağrı ve menstrüasyon düzensizliği nedeniyle başvurdu. Ultrasonografide sol ovarian bölgede 25 cm çaplı kistik kitle saptandı. Ameliyatla çıkartılan kist seröz sıvıyla doluydu ve duvarında 0.2 cm çapta sarı renkte nodül görüldü. Mikroskobik bakıda kist iç yüzü seröz kübik epitelle döşeliydi. Kist duvarındaki nodül ise iyi sınırlıydı ve adrenal dokudan oluşuyordu. Patolojik tanı, seröz kistadenom ve ektopik adrenal doku olarak geldi.Ectopic adrenal tissue is a relatively common finding, especially in children. The most common localization is the male genital system, especially the spermatic cord. Female genital tract is also a common site for ectopic adrenal tissue but, ovarian localization is very rare. A 21-year-old woman presented with complaints of abdominal swelling, pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 25 cm cystic mass in the left ovarian region. The cyst which was removed surgically, was filled with serous fluid and there was a 0.2 cm yellowish nodule within the wall. Serous cubic epithelium was lining the inner portion of the cyst. The nodule within the cyst wall was well defined and consisted of adrenal tissue

Parmakların fibro-osseöz psödotümörü

Parmakların fibro-osseöz psödotümörü özellikle iskelet dışı osteosarkom ile karışabilen ve ayırıcı tanıda ciddi sorunlara ve çelişkilere neden olabilen nadir bir benign lezyondur. Sol el işaret parmağında ağrılı şişme ile kliniğimize başvuran 57 yaşında erkek hastanın direkt radyografisinde sol el işaret parmağı proksimal falanks palmar bölgede şüpheli kalsifiye alanlar içeren yumuşak doku şişliği görüldü. Cerrahi olarak çıkartılan 2x1.5x0.7 cm boyutlarındaki biyopsi örneğinin gri beyaz renkte olduğu ve nispeten düzenli dış yüzeye sahip olduğu izlendi. Mikroskopik olarak mezenkimal nitelikler izlenen lezyon kısmen dejenere, kısmen kalsifiye/ ossifiye miksoid stromaya sahipti. Hafif-orta derecede nükleer atipi ve nispeten sık mitoz bulunan hücresel fibroblastik alanlar ve bu alanların arasında düzensiz gruplar oluşturan osteoklast benzeri dev hücreler izlendi. Histopatolojik, radyografik ve klinik bulgular ışığında son tanı olarak olguya parmakların fibro-osseöz psödotümörü tanısı konuldu.Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits is a conflicting and rare benign lesion leading to serious problems and conflicts in differential diagnosis, especially with extraskeletal osteosarcoma. A 57-year-old man presented with a painful swelling in the proximal phalange of his left index finger. Direct radiography taken on admission revealed a soft tissue swelling with suspicious calcification in the proximal phalange palmar aspect of the index finger of left hand The excised specimen of, 2x1.5x0.7 cm was gray-white with a rough, somewhat irregular outer surface. Microscopic examination revealed a mesenchimal tumorous lesion with a partially degenerated and partially calcified/ ossified myxoid stroma. There were cellular areas composed of fibroblastic spindle cells, with mild-moderate nuclear atypia and moderate mitotic activity. Those cellular areas also contained osteoclast like multinucleated giant cells forming disordered groups. The final diagnosis based on histopathologic, radiographic and clinical findings was fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits

Evaluation of proliferative-apoptotic activity in inactive, proliferative, hyperplastic endometria and endometrioid carcinomas

Amaç: Proliferatif ve atrofik endometriyumda ve farklı endometriyal patolojilerde, proliferatif ve apopitotik mekanizmaların rolü immünohistokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Arşivden seçilen 13'ü endometriyoid karsinom, sekizi endometriyal hiperplazi, 15'i düzensiz proliferasyon, 12'si proliferatif endometriyum ve yedisi atrofik/ inaktif endometriyum olmak üzere toplam 55 olgu çalışmaya alındı. Olguların her birinden seçilen tanısal bloklardan alınan kesitlere immünohistokimyasal olarak bir antiapopitotik belirleyici olan bcl-2 ve proliferasyon belirleyicisi olarak Ki-67 boyası uygulandı. Ayrıca hiperplazi ve endometriyoid karsinom olgularında 10 büyük büyütme alanında mitoz sayıldı. Bulgular: Bcl-2 reaksiyonu için H-skor değerlerinin ortalaması endometriyoid karsinom olguları için 0.48 olarak bulundu. Hiperplazi, düzensiz proliferasyon, proliferasyon ve atrofi olgularında ise H-skor ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 1.93, 1.62, 1.5 ve 1.0 olarak hesaplandı. Endometriyoid karsinom olguları için Ki-67 indeksi %48.9 olarak hesaplandı. Bu indeks hiperplazi, düzensiz proliferasyon, proliferasyon ve atrofi olgularında sırasıyla %32, %29, %31.5 ve %8.4 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Bcl-2 boyanmasının en yüksek düzeylere hiperplazi olgularında eriştiği, buna karşılık, boyanmanın hiperplazilerde atipinin belirginleşmesi ile beraber azaldığı görüldü ve en zayıf boyanmanın derece II ve III endometriyoid karsinomlarda oluştuğu izlendi. Buna karşılık proliferatif indeksin karsinom derecesi ile birlikte arttığı görüldü.Objectives: The role of proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms in various endometrial pathologies and in proliferative and atrophic endometria was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Patients and Methods: A total of 55 cases consisting of 13 endometrioid carcinomas, eight cases of endometrial hyperplasia, 15 cases of disordered proliferation, 12 cases with proliferative and seven with inactive/athrophic endometria gathered from the local archives were included in the study. Immunohistochemical markers and stains, namely bcl-2, an antiapopitotic marker, and Ki-67, a proliferative marker were applied to the sections of selected diagnostic tissue blocks. Additionally, mitotic counts per 10 high power fields were obtained in cases of hyperplasia and carcinoma. Results: Mean H-score value for bcl-2 reaction was 0.48 for endometrioid carcinoma. Mean H-score values for cases of hyperplasia, disordered proliferation, proliferation and atrophy were calculated as 1.93, 1.62, 1.5 and 1.0, respectively. Ki-67 proliferation index for endometrioid carcinoma was 48.9%. This index was 32%, 29%, 31.5% and 8.4% for hyperplasia, disordered proliferation, proliferation and atrophy, respectively. Conclusion: Staining with bcl–2 peaked in cases of hyperplasia, and lost its intensity as nuclear atypia became evident. Weakest staining was observed in cases with grade II and III endometrioid carcinomas. In contrast, proliferative indexes increased with increasing grades of carcinoma

Physicochemical and Antioxidant Responses of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) under Drought Stress

This study investigated the effects of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of the medicinal and aromatic plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort). Changes were determined in leaf length, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and proline content as well as in the antioxidant system enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). These responses were examined in relation to the tolerance of drought stress in H. perforatum. Ninety-day-old seedlings were subjected to drought for three weeks. The physiological parameters of leaf length, RWC, Fv/Fm, and osmotic potential were reduced under drought. The H2O2, TBARS, and proline levels were increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the proline content increase was greatly pronounced (25.9-fold) compared to the control groups. The high accumulation of proline may have resulted from the 83.8% leaf RWC still remaining under drought stress. On the other hand, the SOD, CAT, and GR enzyme activities were enhanced, whereas the POX and APX activities were reduced. The results indicate that improved tolerance to drought stress in H. perforatum plants may be accomplished through increased capacity of the antioxidative defense syste

Sustainability of traditional buildings located in rural area

In this days, sensitivity to environmental issues of people increased together with the awareness of the concept of sustainability. The structures, which are built in a rural residential area, are integrated with the natural environment. In Turkey, local traditional structures are structures that can be produced easily in place and materials are being used wisely. These houses which are used renewable natural materials carries a lot of features of the sustainable approach. Traditional structures have been shaped by the region where they are, because of the necessity. In this study, materials and construction systems of the traditional buildings which are located in rural areas are discussed and the buildings have been evaluated the context of ecology and sustainability

The challenge to detect heart transplant rejection and transplant vasculopathy non-invasively - a pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiac allograft rejection and vasculopathy are the main factors limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation.</p> <p>In this pilot study we investigated whether non-invasive methods are beneficial to detect cardiac allograft rejection (Grade 03 R) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Thus we compared multi-slice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with invasive methods like coronary angiography and left endomyocardial biopsy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>10 asymptomatic long-term survivors after heart transplantation (8 male, 2 female, mean age 52.1 ± 12 years, 73 ± 11 months after transplantation) were included. In a blinded fashion, coronary angiography and multi-slice computed tomography and ventricular endomyocardial biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging were compared against each other.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cardiac allograft vasculopathy and atherosclerosis were correctly detected by multi-slice computed tomography and coronary angiography with positive correlation (r = 1). Late contrast enchancement found by magnetic resonance imaging correlated positively (r = 0.92, r²= 0.85, p < 0.05) with the histological diagnosis of transplant rejection revealed by myocardial biopsy. None of the examined endomyocardial specimen revealed cardiac allograft rejection greater than Grade 1 R.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A combined non-invasive approach using multi-slice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may help to assess cardiac allograft vasculopathy and cardiac allograft rejection after heart transplantation before applying more invasive methods.</p

Şeker Otu (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Bitkisinde Kuraklık Stresinin Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Kuraklık son yıllarda endişe verici bir şekilde artmakta olup tarımsal ürünlerin verimliliğini sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu durum, kurak koşullara dayanıklı bitkilerin tespit edilmesine yönelik araştırmaların önemini artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bitkisine ait iki çeşidin (Yalova ve STF-4) kuraklık stresi altında fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler kontrollü sera koşullarında 3 ay boyunca yetiştirilmiş ve sonrasında 3 hafta boyunca kuraklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Üç hafta sonunda hasat edilen bitkilerden yaprak uzunluğu, ozmotik potansiyel, nisbi su içeriği (RWC), klorofil floresansı (Fv/Fm), prolin miktarı, hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) miktarı ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyesi ölçülmüştür. S. rebaudiana bitkisinin her iki çeşidinde de kuraklık stresi altında kontrol grubundaki bitkiler ile kıyaslandığında yaprak uzunluğunda azalma belirlenirken en çok azalma Yalova çeşidinde (%25,7) saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, her iki çeşit de kuraklık stresi altında su durumlarını korumuşlardır. Fv/Fm değeri STF-4 çeşidinde kuraklıktan etkilenmezken Yalova çeşidinde kontrole oranla düşüş göstermiştir. Prolin miktarında ise çeşitler arasında fark kaydedilmiştir. Kurak koşullar altında STF-4 çeşidinde prolin miktarında değişim gözlenmezken Yalova çeşidinde %42,9 artış meydana gelmiştir. Diğer taraftan, kuraklık stresi, yapraklardaki lipid peroksidasyon seviyesini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu artış, Yalova çeşidinde %41,2 iken STF-4 çeşidinde %21,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. İki çeşit arasında kuraklık stresine karşı farklı tepki H2O2 içeriğinde gözlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi altında H2O2 miktarı Yalova çeşidinde %42,7 oranında azalırken STF-4 çeşidinde %5,5 artmıştır. Sonuç olarak, S. rebaudiana bitkisinin STF-4 çeşidinin ölçülen parametreler ışığında kuraklığa daha toleranslı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur

Predictors of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Seeking Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Center

Aim: There is a critical need for scientific evidence on the sexual and reproductive health of women with opioid use disorder (OUD). The main objective of this study was to evaluate sexual dysfunction (SD) and depression in women with OUD and compare them with healthy controls, in addition to exploring possible predictors of SD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2023. Thirty-four women with OUD, according to the DSM-5, and 30 healthy controls were included. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate SD, depression, and characteristics related to substance use and sexual/reproductive history. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of SD in women with OUD. Results: Twenty-nine percent (n=10) of the participants with OUD had SD. The scores of the FSFI desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm (p=0.001 for all), satisfaction (p=0.001) subscales, and the total score (p<0.001) were lower in women with OUD than in the controls. Daily dosage of buprenorphine/naloxone [Odds ratio (OR)=1,956, p=0.027, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1,079-3,545] and PHQ-9 score (OR=1,403, p=0.012, 95% CI=1,076-1,829) were significantly associated with SD in women with OUD. Conclusion: The high prevalence of SDs highlights the unmet sexual health needs of women with OUD. Screening and addressing depressive symptoms should be one of the first steps when caring for SDs in women with OUD

The challenge to verify ceramide's role of apoptosis induction in human cardiomyocytes - a pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardioplegia and reperfusion of the myocardium may be associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and subsequent myocardial injury. In order to establish a pharmacological strategy for the prevention of these events, this study aimed to verify the reliability of our human cardiac model and to evaluate the pro-apoptotic properties of the sphingolipid second messenger ceramide and the anti-apoptotic properties of the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitryptiline during simulated cardioplegia and reperfusion ex vivo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective CABG before induction of cardiopulmonary bypass. Biopsies were exposed to <it>ex vivo </it>conditions of varying periods of cp/rep (30/10, 60/20, 120/40 min). Groups: I (untreated control, n = 10), II (treated control cp/rep, n = 10), III (cp/rep + ceramide, n = 10), IV (cp/rep + amitryptiline, n = 10) and V (cp/rep + ceramide + amitryptiline, n = 10). For detection of apoptosis anti-activated-caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In group I the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) low if compared to group II revealing a time-dependent increase. In group III ceramid increased and in group IV amitryptiline inhibited apoptosis significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast in group V, under the influence of ceramide and amitryptiline the induction of apoptosis was partially suppressed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Ceramid induces and amitryptiline suppresses apoptosis significantly in our ex vivo setting. This finding warrants further studies aiming to evaluate potential beneficial effects of selective inhibition of apoptosis inducing mediators on the suppression of ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical settings.</p

Human cardiac tissue in a microperfusion chamber simulating extracorporeal circulation - ischemia and apoptosis studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>After coronary artery bypass grafting ischemia/reperfusion injury inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis may occur. This surgery-related inflammatory reaction appears to be of extreme complexity with regard to its molecular, cellular and tissue mechanisms and many studies have been performed on animal models. However, finding retrieved from animal studies were only partially confirmed in humans. To investigate this phenomenon and to evaluate possible therapies in vitro, adequate human cardiomyocyte models are required. We established a tissue model of human cardiomyocytes preserving the complex tissue environment. To our knowledge human cardiac tissue has not been investigated in an experimental setup mimicking extracorporeal circulation just in accordance to clinical routine, yet.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting before cardiopulmonary bypass. The extracorporeal circulation was simulated by submitting the biopsies to varied conditions simulating cardioplegia (cp) and reperfusion (rep) in a microperfusion chamber. Cp/rep time sets were 20/7, 40/13 and 60/20 min. For analyses of the calcium homoeostasis the fluorescent calcium ion indicator FURA-2 and for apoptosis detection PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed. Further the anti-apoptotic effect of carvedilol [10 μM] was investigated by adding into the perfusate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Viable cardiomyocytes presented an intact calcium homoeostasis under physiologic conditions. Following cardioplegia and reperfusion a time-dependent elevation of cytosolic calcium as a sign of disarrangement of the calcium homoeostasis occurred. PARP-1 cleavage also showed a time-dependence whereas reperfusion had the highest impact on apoptosis. Cardioplegia and carvedilol could reduce apoptosis significantly, lowering it between 60-70% (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our human cardiac preparation served as a reliable cellular model tool to study apoptosis in vitro. Decisively cardiac tissue from the right auricle can be easily obtained at nearly every cardiac operation avoiding biopsying of the myocardium or even experiments on animals.</p> <p>The apoptotic damage induced by the ischemia/reperfusion stimulus could be significantly reduced by the cold crystalloid cardioplegia. The additional treatment of cardiomyocytes with a non-selective β-blocker, carvedilol had even a significantly higher reduction of apoptotis.</p