Evaluation of Germination, Emergence and Physiological Properties of Sugar Beet Cultivars Under Salinity

DergiPark: 947001trkjnatThis study aimed to determine a useful selection criterion for salt tolerance during the early development stage of sugar beet. Four sugar beet cultivars (Orthega, Valentina, FD Shoot, and Mohican) were exposed to NaCl stresses (Control, 5, 10, and 15 dS m-1), and morphological and physiological characteristics were investigated. Germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT), seedling length, and seedling fresh weight (SFW) in germination test; emergence percentage, mean emergence time (MET), root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight, relative chlorophyll content (Chl), relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage of the plants grown in pod experiment were measured. The results showed that the maximum germination at control was recorded in FD Shoot, but it gave the lowest germination at 15 dS m-1. In the pod experiment, the highest emergence rate was detected in Orthega and Mohican at all levels of NaCl. Increased salinity delayed MET and led to reduction in shoot length, root length, and RWC of sugar beet cultivars. Relative Chl content and electrolyte leakage enhanced from 32.7 SPAD and 21.6% in control to 38.5 SPAD and 35.6% in 10 dS m-1, respectively. In general, there were significant differences among sugar beet cultivars, and they could keep the salinity up to 5 dS m-1 in terms of the investigated traits. It was concluded that relative Chl content and electrolyte leakage should be used a promising clue for selection of tolerant or sensitive sugar beet cultivars for salinity.Bu çalışmada, erken gelişim döneminde şeker pancarının tuza toleransı için faydalı bir seçim kriteri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. NaCl stresine (Kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 dS m-1) maruz bırakılan dört şeker pancarı çeşidinde (Orthega, Valentina, FD Shoot ve Mohican) morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikler incelenmiştir. Çimlenme testinde; çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, fide uzunluğu ve fide yaş ağırlığı, çıkış testinde; çıkış yüzdesi, ortalama çıkış süresi, kök uzunluğu, sürgün uzunluğu, bitki yaş ağırlığı, bağıl su içeriği, bağıl klorofil içeriği ve elektrolit sızıntısı ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, FD Shoot çeşidinde en yüksek çimlenmenin kontrol, en düşük çimlenmenin ise 15 dS m-1 seviyesinde kaydedildiğini göstermiştir. Çıkış testindeki tüm NaCl seviyelerinde en yüksek çıkış yüzdesi Orthega ve Mohican çeşitlerinde tespit edilmiştir. Artan NaCl seviyeleri ile şeker pancarı çeşitlerinde ortalama çıkış süresi gecikmiş ve sürgün uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu ve bağıl su içeriği azalmıştır. Bağıl klorofil içeriği ve elektrolit sızıntısı, kontrol ve 10 dS m-1 seviyelerinde sırasıyla 32,7 SPAD ve %21,6; 38,5 SPAD ve %35,6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, şeker pancarı çeşitleri arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmuş ve incelenen özellikler açısından çeşitler 5 dS m-1'e kadar olan tuzluluğa tolerans göstermişlerdir. Bağıl klorofil içeriği ve elektrolit sızıntısının, tuzluluğa toleranslı veya hassas şeker pancarı çeşitlerinin seçiminde umut verici bir ipucu olarak kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Optimum Plant Density for Vigorous Seed Production in Safflower

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower

Seed priming as a method of preservation and restoration of sunflower seeds☆

The study focused on determining the preservative and restorative effects of seed priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on sunflower seeds against deterioration. The seeds were immersed in different concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L−1) of GA3 and KNO3 solutions before and after being subjected to accelerated aging (AA). Unprimed seeds (NT) were used as control. The results showed that AA led to a reduction in germination percentage, germination index, and seedling growth parameters. However, seed primed with GA3 had a higher germination percentage after AA than NT. All seed primings shortened mean germination time and improved germination index. Seedling growth was stimulated by seed priming, and seed priming after AA produced more vigorous seedlings than primed seed before AA because they were severely affected by AA. In addition, hydration sufficiently induced the germination and seedling growth of aged seeds. A significant difference was found between GA3 and KNO3, and seeds were effectively protected from aging by GA3, while hydration promoted germination of aged seeds. Consequently, the recovery effect of seed priming was more pronounced than the conservative effect, and sunflower seeds should be primed with 500-1000 mg L−1 GA3 before storage or, if this is not possible, hydration improves the vitality and subsequent growth of aged sunflower seeds

The Determination of Agronomic Characteristics and Adaptation of Some Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars in Eskişehir Conditions

Bu çalışma Eskişehir koşullarında bazı soya çeşitlerinin tarımsal özellikleri ile yağ oranı bakımından performanslarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada materyal olarak Arısoy, Atakişi, Nova, Cinsoy, Umut-2002, Ataem-7, Bravo, Çetinbey, Blaze, May-5312, Galina, Rubin ve Vojvodanka çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada çeşitlerin ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitki boyu, dal sayısı, bitki başına bakla sayısı, bitki başına tane verimi, dekara tane verimi ve yağ oranı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen özellikler bakımından soya çeşitleri arasında önemli farklıklar belirlenmiştir. En yüksek dal sayısı Çetinbey ve Vojvodanka çeşitlerinde, en yüksek bakla sayısı Arısoy ve Cinsoy çeşitlerinde belirlenmiştir. Dekara tene verimi Arısoy çeşidinde 311 kg da-1, Cinsoy çeşidinde 305 kg da-1 ve Ataem-7 çeşidinde 303 kg da-1 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yağ oranı bakımından ise Atakişi çeşidi % 23.1 ve Çetinbey çeşidi ise % 22.9 ile en yüksek değere sahip çeşitler olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen soya çeşitleri arasında Arısoy, Cinsoy, Ataem-7 ve Atakişi çeşitlerinin Eskişehir koşullarına uygun olabileceği belirlenmiştirThis research was conducted to determine the performance of some soybean cultivars in Eskişehir conditions in 2014 and 2015. Soybean cultivars Arısoy, Atakişi, Nova, Cinsoy, Umut-2002, Ataem-7, Bravo, Çetinbey, Blaze, May-5312, Galina, Rubin and Vojvodanka were used in the study. The characters such as first pod height, plant height, branch number, pod number per plant, seed weight per plant, seed yield and oil content were observed on soybean cultivars. The results of the experiment showed that a significant difference among the soybean cultivars was found. Çetinbey and Vojvodanka gave the highest branch number per plant while the higher pod number per plant was obtained in Arısoy and Cinsoy. The highest seed yield was observed in Arısoy with 311 kg da-1, Cinsoy with 305 kg da-1 and Ataem-7 with 303 kg da-1. The highest oil content was determined in Atakişi with 23.1 % and Çetinbey with 22.9 %. It was concluded that Arısoy, Cinsoy, Ataem-7 and Atakişi should be cultivated under Eskişehir condition