Use of Different Natural Products to Control Growth of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Green Solvent Emulsion, Characterization, and Their Photocatalytic Application

Water, one of the crucial and the pillar resources to every living thing, could be polluted day to day by different causes such as expansion in industrialization, rapid increment in population size, the threat of climate, and growth of urbanization. The existence of a number of organic dyes, detergents, and pesticides from industrial effluents could lead to severe diseases and even to the death of human beings. Currently, remediation of those hazardous organic contaminants using semiconductor metal oxide catalysts has received extensive attention in recent years. Among the numerous nanometal oxides, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been well known as a significant photocatalytic material due to their suitable physiochemical behaviors such as stability, conductivity, high surface area to volume ratio, structure, and porosity nature at the nanoscale level. TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles could be synthesized via several physiochemical approaches; among those, the biogenic technique is the most selective one which involves the synthesis of NPs using different templates. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly protocol that involves the use of different parts and types of biogenic sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, virus, and green plants or the byproducts of their metabolism, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. TiO2 NPs obtained via the biogenic method provide a potential application for the degradation of organic dyes and other pollutants in wastewater. This method of synthesis of NPs has been given a great attention by researchers due to their nontoxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, the usage of green solvents, and simplicity of the process. This review focuses on summarizing the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using various biogenic sources, characterization, and their photocatalytic applications for the degradation of different wastes and organic dyes from polluted water

Novel synthesis of Cu2ZnAl2O4 nanostructures for photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor applications

Hybrid nanostructured materials currently offer a potential approach for a variety of applications due to improvements in their physio-chemical characteristics. Techniques for XRD, TEM-HRTEM, SAED, and UV-DRS were used to characterize the Cu2ZnAl2O4 (CZA) material. Without any secondary phases and with an average crystallite size of 40 ​nm, X-ray diffraction pattern examination demonstrates the increased crystalline structure. A highly crystalline, polydisperse CZA nanostructure was visible using TEM-HRTEM and SAED. The CZA nanostructure's light-absorbing behavior is presented by UV-DRS analysis, which found that the predicted bandgap energy was 5.0 ​eV. In this article, we describe an easy chemical synthesis of a hybrid CZA nanostructure that works well as a catalyst to break down the acid red 88 (AR-88) dye under UV, sunlight, and low light conditions. Additionally, it was studied to determine how to modify the working electrode's surface to enable the detection of lead and tin metal ions. With 93.1% of degradation and comparison work on decolorizing AR-88 dye in the presence of both sunlight and darkness, CZA nanostructure was looked at as a potential catalyst for the decolorization of AR-88 dye. By using graphite electrode paste and cyclic voltammetry to analyze the synthesized sample in 1 ​N KCl, it was discovered that it had outstanding redox reaction and lead and tin detection capabilities

Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Root Extract of Kniphofia foliosa as a Template, Characterization, and Its Application on Drug Resistance Bacteria

Biogenic methods of synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts have been given a great attention due to its nontoxicity and environmental friendliness. In this study, TiO2 NPs were synthesized from titanium tetrabutoxide and extract of root of Kniphofia foliosa. NPs of TiO2 were biosynthesized at different volume compositions of titanium tetrabutoxide to the plant extract with a ratio of 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1, respectively. These green synthesized NPs of TiO2 were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. TGA/DTA analysis has confirmed that the synthesized NPs of TiO2 were stable above the temperature of 500°C. The sharp and intense peaks at 2θ values of 25.3, 38.0, 47.9, 53.2, 54.8862, 62.7, 70.2, and 75.0 have confirmed formation of crystalline NPs of TiO2 in the sample of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratios, and less crystalline samples for TiO2 NPs prepared in a 1 : 2 ratio. Comparison between FT-IR absorption bands of the plant extract and that of calcined NPs of TiO2 confirmed the purity of synthesized nanomaterials, except unavoidable adsorption of moisture on the surface of TiO2 NPs in an open air. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs and that of ethanolic root extract of Kniphofia foliosa was investigated via the disc diffusion method against human pathogen bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Among the different ratios, TiO2 (1 : 1) NP shows better performance towards Gram-negative bacteria due to its smaller average crystalline size and uniform morphology observed in SEM image relative to the other two ratios of TiO2 NPs. Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic root extract of Kniphofia foliosa itself showed better performance towards Gram-negative bacteria than NPs of TiO2 that might be due to antibacterial activity of residue of ethanol left with the plant extract

Factors associated with friendly care and its comparison among mothers who get and did not get the care provider of their choice at Jimma medical center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Friendly care during labor and delivery is considered part of companionate maternal care throughout the perinatal period. It is vital to understand that women deserve friendly care to improve maternal use of health care facilities and the quality of care in general. This study aimed to assess the level of friendly care during labor and delivery and identify possible significant factors associated with it as well as make a comparison in receiving friendly care between mothers cared for by the provider they want and those who did not get the provider they wanted. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 mothers at the postnatal units of Jimma medical center. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula and a systematic random sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire prepared in local languages. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.2 and the analysis was conducted using statistical packages for social sciences version 23. The level of significance was determined with a p-value of <0.05 in the final multivariable logistic regression model. The results are presented in the tables, charts, and narratives. Result: The study had a response rate of 100%. The analysis indicated that 314 (90.23%) participants had received friendly care. There was a significant difference in friendly care between mothers who received the provider they wanted and those who did not (Z = −5.78; p < 0.001). The type of delivery (p < 0.001), longer stay in the facility after delivery (p = 0.005) and presence of any complication in the last delivery (p = 0.009) were factors significantly associated with friendly care. Conclusion: There was relatively good friendly care in Jimma medical center. It is recommended that mothers receive care from the provider of their choice to make the care friendlier. It is also revealed that it is necessary to consider the type of delivery, avoid unnecessary mothers’ stay of after delivery, and prevent and manage the complications of childbirth early to help mothers get care that is friendly

Biotemplated Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in the Presence of Root Extract of Kniphofia schemperi and Its Application for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Metal oxide nanoparticles prepared by biological route using green plant parts as a template are eco-friendly as well as yield good results than the conventional methods. This present study focusses on biosynthesis and characterization of TiO2 NPs using root extract of Kniphofia schemperi for dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO2 NPs were synthesized using 0.25 M titanium tetra butoxide in the presence of root extract of Kniphofia schemperi with the volume ratios. The analysis result revealed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs were thermally stable above 500°C and have spherical morphology, with the average crystalline size of 11.7, 8.3, and 8.6 nm, and band gap energy of 3.35 eV, 3.33 eV, and 3.36 eV, respectively, for the TiO2 NPs prepared at the volume ratios of 2 : 3, 1 : 1, and 3 : 2. Biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were used as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (a device used for converting absorbed light into electricity). Solar cell devices were fabricated using roots of Kniphofia schemperi sensitizer in the presence of TiO2 NPs biosynthesized within (2 : 3, 1 : 1, and 3 : 2) volume ratio, which showed power conversion efficiency of 0.039%, 0.117%, and 1.3%. Incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) analysis using TiO2 (2 : 3, 1 : 1, and 3 : 2) photoelectrodes showed 6.64%, 2.66%, and 18%. Among the biosynthesized TiO2 different volume ratios, TiO2 (3 : 2) NPs showed relatively maximum solar cell efficiency and IPCE value due to its uniform spherical shape that enables to absorb large dye molecules on its surface, and this intern improves device efficiency

Green synthesis of Co-doped ZnO via the accumulation of cobalt ion onto Eichhornia crassipes plant tissue and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency under visible light

Nowadays, water pollution is a major concern to the globe. For this reason, various research works has been done to access pure water thereby minimizing the effect of pollutants. In this work, the cobalt doped ZnO (Co-doped ZnO) via the accumulation of cobalt ion onto Eichhornia crassipes plant tissue for different days and combined with zinc precursor was synthesized. The resulting catalyst powder samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Ultraviolet–vis (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES). The catalysts were also tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H _2 O _2 under visible light irradiation. The best catalytic activity was gained by the 8th-days accumulation of cobalt ion onto the Eichhornia crassipes plant tissue and 99.6% of the dye was degraded within 45 min. However, 69.6, 65.7, 73.6, and 94.8% of MB dye was degraded by 1, 2, 4, and 6 days accumulations. Hence, removal of toxic heavy metal by using Eichhornia crassipes plant and recycling in the wastewater treatment gain is highly appreciated. Moreover, the Co-doped ZnO photocatalysts could enhance the photocatalytic activities due to suppressing of the electron and hole recombination and the porosity of the catalysts resulted from the Eichhornia crassipes plant after calcination

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles mediated by natural products of Acanthus sennii leaf extract for electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic applications: a comparative study of volume ratios

Determination of various chemical nutrients present within food samples using green nano-modified carbon paste working electrode (GNM-CPWE) is a novel and cost-effective technique. In addition, wastewater treatment in the presence of high surface area green nanocatalysts attracts researchers worldwide. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using Acanthus sennii leaf extract within three volume ratios as 2:3 (40 mL precursor: 60 mL extract), 1:1 (50 mL precursor: 50 mL extract), and 3:2 (60 mL precursor: 40 mL extract). Physicochemical characterization of ZnO NPs was confirmed using modern technical tools such as XRD, SEM–EDX, TEM, HR-TEM, SAED, UV-DRS, and FTIR methods. Comparative performance studies of ZnO NPs form within different volume ratios were investigated in sensing of ascorbic acid (AA) and degradation of acid orange 88 (AO88) dye. The average crystallite size was found to be 24.19, 19.55, and 23.07 nm for the 2:3, 1:1, and 3:2 ratios, respectively. SEM–EDX with TEM and HR-TEM-SAED depicts that ZnO NPs have spherical shape. UV-DRS proved that the 2:3, 1:1, and 3:2 have bandgap (Eg) energy of 3.28, 3.31, and 3.25 eV, respectively. FTIR analysis indicates the presence of various capping and reducing agents within leaf extract of Acanthus sennii. Electrochemical sensing potential of ZnO (1:1) modified CPWE toward AA was found to be more effective with a best detection limit of 0.200 mM as compared to the counterpart ratios. This might be due to its small D and enhanced catalytic property. The percent degradation efficiency of ZnO (1:1) toward AO88 dye was calculated to be 62.6%. The enhanced degradation potential of ZnO (1:1) might be attributed due to its optical property and relatively small D value as compared to the counterpart ratios