Overview of the cost of OV in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 2006 to 2011.

a<p>: between (y) and (y−1).</p>b<p>: 1 OV campaign.</p>c<p>: 75% of EC funding.</p>d<p>: It is assumed that the effect of OV is observable at year y+1. This ratio corresponds to the EC funding from 2006 to 2009/newly uninfected area from 2007 to 2010.</p><p>(M): Mean value.</p><p>This table shows the number of baits used, the funding allocated for rabies prevention by the European Commission (EC) “approving annual and multi-annual programmes and the financial contribution”, the area vaccinated, the uninfected and newly uninfected areas and the type of vaccine used. Different ratios were calculated : Number of baits distributed from 2006–2011 per country per vaccinated area in km². EC funding over the 2006–2010 period/newly uninfected areas in the country in km².</p

Evolution of rabies cases from 2003–2010 in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.

<p>A special focus is on the 2008–2010 period. The arrows correspond to the different vaccination campaigns.</p

Number of rabies cases from 2000 to May 2011 in the main species in Estonia.

<p>*up to end of May 2011.</p

Location of oral vaccination “buffer” zones.

<p>Are detailed the “buffer zones between Estonia and Russia (1,521 km² in the North-East and 4,318 km² in the South) and between Estonia and Latvia (3,486 km²) in 2011.</p

Bait uptake and seroprotection rates in foxes and raccoon dogs from 2006 to 2010.

<p>TC: tetracycline.</p><p>CI: Confidence Interval.</p><p>Ab positive sera: rabies antibody titer by ELISA≥0.5 EU/mL.</p><p>Tetracycline, used as a biological marker, was sought in the lower jaw of the foxes and raccoon dogs killed in vaccinated zones. The number of positive samples out of the total samples and the positivity percentage for tetracycline are reported by target species (red fox and raccoon dog).</p><p>Sera were analysed with an indirect ELISA kit (Platelia Rabies II kit, Biorad). A threshold seroconversion of 0.5 EU/mL was adopted.</p

Location of rabies cases in Estonia from 2005 to 2010.

<p>Regarding the distribution of rabies cases in 2006, the area vaccinated during the autumn 2005 campaign lies above the blue line with islands.</p

Tetracycline positivity and seroconversion in foxes and raccoon dogs (200–2010).

<p>The graphs are by age group (adult/juvenile).</p

Location of rabies cases from 2006 to 2010 in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

<p>For each map, representation of areas with and without rabies cases (“buffer” zone of 50 km around each positive case).</p

Characteristics of rabies virus isolates included in the phylogenetic analysis.

<p>(NEE = North Eastern Europe, D = centre of the European part of Russia, E = North-Western part of Russia).</p

Neighbour Joining phylogenetic tree between 18 Estonian rabies virus sequences and 24 references isolates.

<p>The tree is rooted with isolates EU159392 and AF374721, used as outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis was based on the analysis of the first 400 nt of N gene using NJ method. Bootstrap values greater than 70% are shown next to the branches. Abbreviations for the phylogenetic groups (NEE, C, D and E) earlier described by Bourhy et al. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001535#pntd.0001535-Bourhy1" target="_blank">[20]</a> and Kuzmin et al. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001535#pntd.0001535-Kuzmin1" target="_blank">[21]</a> are used in the text. In ◊ are shown the representative sequences of identical nucleoprotein sequences among rabies virus isolates from Estonia.</p