COVID-19 vaccinations and related beliefs and attitudes among RADx-UP study participants by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.

COVID-19 vaccinations and related beliefs and attitudes among RADx-UP study participants by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.</p

Flow diagram of enrollment and testing of RADx-UP study participants.

A visualization of the flow of screening, exclusion, enrollment, testing, and final sample size of the analysis. Abbreviations: RADx-UP, Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations.</p

S1 Data -

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted people who use drugs (PWUD). This study explored relationships between drug use, COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida between March 2021 and October 2022 as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiative and the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Users of cannabis, cocaine/crack, heroin/fentanyl, methamphetamines, hallucinogens, and/or prescription drug misuse in the previous 12 months were considered PWUD. Sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing history, and vaccination-related beliefs were self-reported. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and positivity was determined with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. Of 1,780 participants, median age was 57 years, 50.7% were male, 50.2% Non-Hispanic Black, and 66.0% reported an annual income less than $15,000. Nearly 28.0% used drugs. PWUD were less likely than non-users to self-report ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (14.7% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.006). However, 2.6% of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with no significant differences between PWUD and non-users (3.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.076). PWUD were more likely than non-users to experience difficulties accessing testing (10.2% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.033), vaccine hesitancy (58.9% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.002) and had lower odds of receiving any dose of a COVID-19 vaccine compared to non-users (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49–0.81; p</div

Percent of RADx-UP participants who reported substance use stratified by type of substance, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.

A visualization of the percentage of participants who reported substance use stratified by type of substance. Cannabis use was defined as a response of “yes” to “Have you used marijuana in the past 12 months?”. Cocaine/crack use, hallucinogen use, heroin/fentanyl use, and methamphetamine use was defined as a response of “About once per month”, “About once or twice per week”, or “Daily or almost daily” to “In the past 12 months, have you used any of the following drugs: cocaine or crack, heroin, fentanyl, crystal meth (methamphetamine), hallucinogens (like LSD, psilocybin, PCP, ketamine), ecstasy?” for each of the individual drugs. Prescription drug misuse was defined as a response of “About once per month”, “About once or twice per week”, or “Daily or almost daily” to “In the past 12 months, how often have you used prescription drugs just for the feeling, more than prescribed, or that were not prescribed for you?”. Abbreviations: RADx-UP, Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations.</p

COVID-19 testing and related beliefs and attitudes among RADx-UP study participants by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.

COVID-19 testing and related beliefs and attitudes among RADx-UP study participants by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.</p

Univariate and multiple binary logistic regressions for COVID-19 vaccination status and COVID-19 positivity by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.

Univariate and multiple binary logistic regressions for COVID-19 vaccination status and COVID-19 positivity by drug use status, Miami, Florida, March 2021 –October 2022.</p

Characteristics of RADx-UP study participants by drug use status.

Characteristics of RADx-UP study participants by drug use status.</p

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of <i>cross-sectional studies</i>.

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies.</p