Radiographic Prediction of the Results of Long-term Treatment with the Pavlik Harness for Developmental Dislocation of the Hip

In 1957, Pavlik introduced the Pavlik harness as a useful treatment for developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH), and subsequent studies have documented favorable outcomes among patients treated with this device. However, there are only a few articles reporting how early radiographic measurements can be used to determine the prognosis after treatment with the Pavlik harness. In this study, 217 hips from 192 patients whose DDH treatment with the Pavlik harness was initiated before they were 6 months old and whose follow-up lasted at least 14 years (rate, 63.8%) were analyzed using measurements from radiographs taken immediately before and after harness treatment, and at 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Severin's classification at the final follow-up was I or II in 71.9% and III or IV in 28.1% of the hips, respectively. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) was seen in 10% of the hips. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to retrospectively determine whether any radiographic factors were related to the final classification as Severin I/II or III/IV. Receiver opera-ting characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for these factors, and a Wiberg OE angle (Point O was the middle point of the proximal metaphyseal border of the femur) of 2 degrees on the 3-year radiographs was found to be the most useful screening value for judging the acetabular development of DDH cases after treatment with a Pavlik harness, with a sensitivity of 71% a specificity of 93%, and a likelihood ratio of 10.1.</p

Through the Looking-Glass: reflection of ant-diversity in ant-mimics

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.Todos os anos nascem cerca de 15 milhões de crianças prematuras em todo o mundo e mais de 1 milhão morre no primeiro mês devido a várias complicações. A sobrevivência de um prematuro é cada vez maior devido aos avanços nos cuidados perinatais, contudo estas crianças sofrem frequentemente de morbilidade respiratória crónica. Os recém-nascidos prematuros têm um risco aumentado de possuírem alterações na função pulmonar durante a infância, adolescência e idade adulta, bem como um risco aumentado de infeções respiratórias, asma e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica. Estes problemas respiratórios são particularmente evidentes quando estas crianças prematuras desenvolvem displasia broncopulmonar. O objetivo deste trabalho passa deste modo por destacar quais as principais complicações a nível do sistema respiratório dos nascimentos pré-termo, salientando a importância de um correto desenvolvimento do aparelho respiratório na fase pré-natal e pósnatal.An estimated 15 million of babies are born too early every year around the world and over 1 million die in the first month due to various complications. Recent advances in perinatal care have increased the survival rates of preterm birth however, this improved survival has led to an increase in significant chronic respiratory morbidity. The children born preterm have an increased risk of abnormal lung function during childhood, adolescence and adulthood, as well as respiratory infections, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These respiratory problems are particularly evident when these preterm birth develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP). The purpose of this work is thus to highlight what are the main complications in the respiratory system due to preterm birth emphasizing the importance of a correct development of the respiratory system in prenatal and postnatal phase

キホンホウ オヨビ バーデン・ヴュルテンベルクシュウ ケンポウ ノ シリツ ガッコウ ジョウコウ : ソノ セイリツ カテイ ト レキシ ニンシキ

本稿は、ナチズム崩壊から1950年代前半の時期に制定された憲法の私立学校条項をめぐる審議過程を分析することを通して、初期ドイツ社会を築いた人々が、直近のナチズム時代をどのように認識し、またその歴史認識に基づいて如何なる社会制度を構築しようとしたのかを考察したものである。考察の結果、「私立学校を設置する権利」（基本法第７条第４項）や私立学校への公費助成の請求権の付与（バーデン・ヴュルテンベルク州憲法第14条第２項）といった戦後ドイツの諸憲法で規定された画期的な私立学校条項の成文化には、直近の12年に及ぶナチズム時代の実体験を踏まえた歴史認識が色濃く反映されていたことが明らかにされた。但し、これらの憲法の私立学校条項の意味が広く理解され、「私立学校の自由」の法的保障が実現するまでには長く厳しい闘いが必要だった

Deep intronic GPR143 mutation in a Japanese family with ocular albinism

Deep intronic mutations are often ignored as possible causes of human disease. Using whole-exome sequencing, we analysed genomic DNAs of a Japanese family with two male siblings affected by ocular albinism and congenital nystagmus. Although mutations or copy number alterations of coding regions were not identified in candidate genes, the novel intronic mutation c.659-131 T > G within GPR143 intron 5 was identified as hemizygous in affected siblings and as heterozygous in the unaffected mother. This mutation was predicted to create a cryptic splice donor site within intron 5 and activate a cryptic acceptor site at 41nt upstream, causing the insertion into the coding sequence of an out-of-frame 41-bp pseudoexon with a premature stop codon in the aberrant transcript, which was confirmed by minigene experiments. This result expands the mutational spectrum of GPR143 and suggests the utility of next-generation sequencing integrated with in silico and experimental analyses for improving the molecular diagnosis of this disease

Dual Functions of Yeast tRNA Ligase in the Unfolded Protein Response: Unconventional Cytoplasmic Splicing of HAC1 Pre-mRNA Is Not Sufficient to Release Translational Attenuation

Unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of HAC1 mRNA is essential for the yeast unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR requires translational regulation of unspliced and spliced forms of HAC1 mRNAs. Here we report that tRNA ligase, Rlg1p, which ligates HAC1 exons in its splicing, has another face as a translational regulator of HAC1 mRNA

Localization of hepatitis C virus RNA in human liver biopsies by in situ hybridization using thymine-thymine dimerized oligo DNA probes: improved method.

To establish the most proper method of in situ hybridization in detection of HCV-RNA in the liver, various detailed procedures were examined using frozen as well as paraffin-embedded sections of tissue derived from patients. In frozen sections of the liver from hepatitis C patients obtained at autopsy or surgery, HCV-RNA was detectable by in situ hybridization using thymine-thymine dimerized oligonucleotide DNA probes when the sections were treated with ethanol-acetic acid at first, then 0.2 N hydrochloric acid, proteinase K (0.02 u/ml) and DNase. When the paraffin-embedded liver sections were used, more intense proteinase K treatment (0.2-2 u/ml) was required to expose viral RNA and even after that, the positive HCV-RNA signals were less than those in frozen sections, because the cytoplasmic RNA in the routine paraffin-embedded sections was preserved unevenly and less than in frozen sections. These findings indicate that in situ hybridization of HCV-RNA is useful for diagnosing HCV infection and should be a potent tool for monitoring the state of virus activities during therapy. However, the liver biopsy method should be modified so that RNA is retained properly to utilize biopsies more effectively for the routine diagnosis of HCV infection.</p